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Uncovering the Hidden Histories of England and Wales’ Overlooked Castles

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

Looking Beyond the Postcard Views of England and Wales’ Iconic Castles

Names like Windsor, Caernarfon and Warwick instantly evoke images of imposing medieval fortresses and turreted castles immortalized on countless postcards and travel brochures. As architectural icons, they have secured their place in public imagination. But hidden histories lie buried if one just scratches beneath their tourist-centric portrayals.

Venture into England and Wales’ lesser-known castles off the beaten track and become an historical detective unearthing tales scarcely whispered about in famous counterparts. Through crumbling ruins get glimpses of Roman soldiers, clashes with warring tribes, violent sieges and betrayals that echo still. Opulent rooms transport back to royal intrigue and plottings for power behind now faded grandeur.

While renowned castles have merits, seeking out their hidden counterparts rewards with unexpected insights and magical romance not showcased to seasonal visitors. Celebrate England and Wales’ iconic fortresses, but also wander where few tread to uncover what overlooked castles uniquely reveal about the land’s captivating past when history turns storyteller. Be enchanted by their secrets waiting to enthral explorers in the know.

Caister Castle – A Soldier’s Stronghold

Caister Castle

Origins Tied to Famed King Henry V

Standing proudly in the coastal town of Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk, Caister Castle had humble beginnings as a manor house in the 15th century. Its builder, the influential Sir John Fastolf who had fought alongside King Henry V at the legendary Battle of Agincourt in 1415, converted it into a moated castle during the 1430s. His years of service and loyalty to the famed King no doubt aided his vision of creating a formidable castle fortress by the sea that still stands today.

post-Agincourt Fortune and Ambition

Having amassed great wealth following his return from France, Sir John set about turning Caister into a well-fortified residence suiting his ambition. The property underwent extensions and alterations over time reflecting changing designs and trends. By his death in 1459, Sir John had expanded Caister into a 1000-acre estate with all the trappings of a castle suitable for nobility despite his non-aristocratic roots – a testament to Agincourt hero King Henry V’s evident patronage.

Descendants and Knights Who Came After

Ownership of Caister Castle continued down Fastolf’s descendants like John de Norwich who made his own additions in the late 16th century. But in 1692 it was finally bought by Sir William Rich who extensively remodelled the castle to resemble a baroque palace, changing forever the home that Sir John Fastolf had crafted in homage to victories past alongside England’s great king. Despite alterations, the foundations of Fastolf’s legacy remain evident even now.

Goodrich Castle – Nine Centuries of Tumultuous History

Royalty to Civil War Sieges

Standing sentinel over the Wye Valley along the English-Welsh border for over 900 years, Goodrich Castle’s long history is etched into its weathered sandstone walls. Royalty, conflict and tumultuous events dating back to medieval times echo from its ruins. Back in the 13th century, King John and later Edward I were hosted here amidst regional power struggles as English and Welsh lords jockeyed for influence.

Goodrich Castle, Goodrich

Strategic Stronghold Frequently Embattled

Its strategic location made Goodrich Castle an important garrison, reinforced to withstand repeated attacks during various Medieval clashes with Wales. When English Civil War erupted in 1642 between Royalist and Parliamentary forces, Goodrich Castle was embroiled on the frontlines. Fiercely besieged by Roundheads, it finally fell after an onslaught of cannon fire and endured much looting and destruction.

Eerie Beauty in Ruin

Walking Goodrich Castle’s grounds today evokes imaginings of butchery and conflict, sieges and power struggles playing out within its battered walls centuries prior. The missing roofs open the ruins picturesquely to the elements. Visitors willing to look closely will discover musket balls embedded in walls, echoes of fighting past. Tranquil and ghostly, Goodrich now holds darker secrets within its aged stone.

Raglan Castle – Wales’ Last Great Medieval Fortress

15th Century Architectural Masterpiece

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

With its majestic location and imposing twin Great Tower set amidst landscaped gardens, Raglan Castle cuts a dramatic figure atop a hill in Monmouthshire, Wales. Built in the 15th century during a time of political turmoil, construction aimed to create a self-sufficient medieval fortress palace to reinforce the family stronghold of the Herberts – later Earls of Pembroke.

Political Intrigue and Evolution

As prominent landowners jostling with rivals for power in Wales, the Herberts used Raglan Castle’s evolving features to reinforce their status. With social circles intertwining nobility and royalty, they hosted figures like Edward IV and Richard III at Raglan Castle through the ages. Additional towers, a Great Hall and more luxury suites were added as the estate grew.

Demise and Ruins Still Standing

By the 1600s, Raglan Castle’s importance as a power base made it a target in the English Civil War. After withstanding over a year-long onslaught ending in collapse and surrender, it saw significant looting and destruction – scaffolding still clings to unfinished walls. Visitors can explore many intact features to envision splendid medieval life within its defence-focused design before Roundhead cannons spelled the end.

Famous Sites Only Scratch the Surface

While renowned castles of England and Wales like Windsor and Caernarfon rightly enjoy popularity and fame for their grandeur, they merely scratch the surface of what captivating fortified history exists in the region. Once you stray off the heavily beaten tourist trails, a treasure trove of lesser-known castles awaits.

Overlooked Gems Hide Compelling Tales

Lesser-known castles often harbour their own rich tales in architecture, hauntings, sieges, civil war destruction and roles in regional power politics over centuries past. But they require some probing to uncover – whether wading through crumbling ruins or poring over obscure records. For curious visitors willing to search, their secrets emerge.

The Hunt Continues for More Hidden Histories

The examples above represent but a sample of the overlooked castles where intriguing secrets are buried beneath the surface. Who knows how many more exist nestled anonymously within the English and Welsh countryside? Great potential remains to showcase further hidden gems that may reveal unexpected twists in British history or architectural marvels at risk of fading into obscurity if not uncovered soon. The hunt continues.

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The Norman Conquest and its Impact on Welsh Castles

Rhuddlan castle Histories and Castles

The Norman Conquest refers to the invasion and occupation of England by the Normans in 1066 under the leadership of William the Conqueror. This seminal event transformed the trajectory of English history, including major advancements in military architecture and strategy. One area profoundly impacted by the Norman Conquest was the native kingdom of Wales, as the Normans introduced new castle designs and constructed an extensive network of fortifications across the Welsh landscape that facilitated their subjugation of the region for centuries.

State of Welsh Castles Pre-1066

Prior to the arrival of the Normans, castles in Wales were typically basic constructions consisting of earthworks and timber palisades. While they provided strongholds in times of warfare between competing Welsh kingdoms, these castles featured limited stonework and displayed little technological sophistication or advancement. The modest nature of early Welsh castles reflected the decentralized and sporadic political structure of the region, which contained many small warring kingdoms rather than a unified Welsh realm.

While Welsh castles before the 11th century AD could provide refuge during conflicts, they did not function as administrative hubs or centres of regional power projection. The Norman invaders identified this strategic weakness in Welsh fortifications, and implemented revolutionary new castle designs across Wales in the late 11th and 12th centuries AD to consolidate their occupation. The immense scale and sophistication of Norman Welsh castles would transform the strategic importance of these fortifications.

Welsh Castles Pre-1066

Here are some examples of Welsh castles that existed prior to the Norman Conquest of 1066:

  • Dinefwr Castle – A large earth and timber castle near Llandeilo built in the 9th or 10th century by Rhodri the Great as a power base for Welsh rulers. It features earthwork walls and ditches.
  • Wiston Castle – A motte and bailey castle with earthworks and wooden palisades constructed before 1066, located in Pembrokeshire. It was an early Welsh stronghold.
  • Degannwy Castle – Located near Conwy, this early Welsh castle dated from around the 9th century featured multiple earthwork mounds and enclosures overlooking the Conwy River.
  • Pen Dinas Hill Fort – Hill forts like this site at Aberystwyth offered defensible refuge. Pen Dinas contains multiple earthwork rings as a timber and earth fortification from around 800 BC.
  • Castle Lyons – Situated in Pembrokeshire, archaeological evidence suggests simple timber fortifications existed here prior to 1066 before stone Norman structures later replaced them.
  • Prestatyn Castle – Located in northeast Wales overlooking the Irish Sea, the Prestatyn Castle site features remains of defensive earthworks from Roman occupation and evidence of a timber fortification constructed around 900 AD. It was erected on the site of an old hillfort.

These examples show Welsh fortifications predating the Normans typically consisted of wood, earthworks and natural hills rather than stone. They emphasised defense rather than administrative functions in Wales’ ununified terrain. They offer a contrast to the later stone Norman castles.

Norman Castle Innovations in Wales

The Norman conquerors introduced revolutionary new castle designs to Wales that demonstrated remarkable technological and material advancement compared to earlier native fortifications. The innovations showcased the architectural ingenuity of the Normans.

Concentric Castles

Caernarforn Castle Histories and Castles

A key innovation was the concentric castle, involving multiple defensive walls constructed in concentric rings around a central inner ward or keep. Concentric castles provided layered protection, with attackers having to breach several walls to reach the inner sanctuary. Prominent examples built by the English King Edward I in the late 13th century include Caernarfon and Conwy Castles, now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. With their immense scale, concentric defences and towering rectangular stone keeps up to 90 feet in height, these castles projected overwhelming power.

Advanced Military Architecture

Beyond the concentric design, Norman castles incorporated a plethora of sophisticated defensive features including drawbridges, gatehouses, murder holes, arrow loops, barbicans and keeps with imposing rectangular battlements. Built from stone, the structures displayed masonry and mortar mixes that reflected remarkable technological expertise for the era. Compared to the earthworks and timber prevously seen in Wales, the Norman castles represented military architecture of unprecedented skill and mastery.

arrow loops caernarfon Castle

Through the construction of their formidable castles, the Normans brought new standards of architectural sophistication to Wales while transforming castle defensive strategy. The strongholds would anchor their occupation for centuries.

Network of Territorial Control

Beyond their architectural sophistication, Norman castles played a pivotal strategic role in entrenching the Norman occupation of Wales. Constructing clusters of castles enabled the Normans to consolidate and maintain their territorial control across Welsh terrain. Castles were positioned along invasion routes, securing communication lines while allowing the rapid dispatch of troops to suppress rebellion.

This network of formidable Norman strongholds formed the backbone of military occupation across Wales. Key castle construction campaigns occurred in the late 11th century under William the Conqueror and in the late 13th century under Edward I as the English crown sought to subjugate North Wales.

Administrative Hubs

In addition to military dominance, Norman castles developed as administrative hubs from which regional governance could emanate. With their garrisons and centralised locations, castles housed sheriffs, toll collectors and representatives of Norman authority that administered the surrounding region.

Economic gains such as taxes were extracted and pooled, while the imposing castles served as centres of judicial and political power over locals. This shifted castles from sporadic defensive sites into permanent epicentres of Norman domination over the social, economic and political landscape of Wales.

Symbols of Authority

Conwy Town Walls

The immense scale and imposing architecture of Norman castles also aimed to cement Norman authority through psychological impact. Castle construction was designed to intimidate the Welsh population by demonstrating overwhelming force while representing permanent symbols of external rule. This shifterd native perceptions of castles from temporary hillforts into seemingly impregnable, awe-inspiring structures that dominated the terrain for centuries.

Expansive Network Across the Landscape

The Norman castle-building campaign resulted in an expansive network of fortifications scattered across the landscape of Wales. Over 150 Norman castles would be constructed during the two centuries after the invasion of 1066. From coastal lowlands to upland hills, these castles occupied strategic positions while demonstrating advanced military engineering. Pembroke, Caerphilly, Flint and Aberystwyth Castles are among the most impressive examples that endure as tourist attractions. This proliferation dramatically transformed the architectural and strategic character of the country.

Sustaining Occupation

The robust Norman castles successfully sustained English occupation of Welsh territories for over 200 years until the conquest of Wales was complete by the late 13th century under Edward I. The castles continued to guard against periodic Welsh uprisings while allowing the Norman regional governance model to become entrenched. Even after medieval times, the legacy of occupation remains evident from the enduring cultural impacts and castle remnants that have become iconic sites.

Standing as Medieval Monuments

Many ruined Norman castles continue to evoke awe and wonder to modern visitors as outstanding medieval monuments, with Caernarfon having attained UNESCO World Heritage status. Though constructed as symbols of oppression, these castles highlight the vision, innovation and ingenuity of Norman military architecture while visually capturing the dramatic historical shifts that occurred in Wales as a result of the 1066 Norman invasion of England. The enduring ruins represent one of the most prominent physical legacies of the Conquest imprinted onto the landscape of Wales.

Caernarfon Castle Histories and Castles

Transformed the Strategic Importance of Castles

The Norman Conquest set in motion a fundamental shift in the strategic importance of castles across the landscape of Wales. Earlier native fortifications had revolved around temporary strongholds against raids among quarrelling kingdoms. The Normans vastly expanded on the scale, architectural complexity and purpose of castles.

Constructing an extensive network of imposing citadels enabled the Normans to entrench occupation of Welsh territories for over two centuries. Castles formed military garrisons and administrative hubs that dominated the economic, political and social scene. This represented an enduring conquest legacy that strengthened external rule.

Architectural Mastery

On a structural level, the ambitious innovation of Norman castles also highlights their formidable engineering capabilities and architectural mastery. Concentric fortifications, rectangle stone keeps and a plethora of ingenious defensive mechanisms surpassed previous building standards across Wales while surviving as iconic marvels of medieval military ingenuity.

Ultimately, Norman castle-building ambition transformed the trajectory of Welsh history by underpinning sustained Norman control. The remnants of these soaring castles will continue intrigueing visitors as conquest symbols imprinted onto the terrain itself. They remain among the most ambitious and awe-inspiring testaments to the impact of 1066 on the fate of Wales.

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The Enduring Mystique of Welsh Caernarfon Castle

Caernarforn Castle Histories and Castles
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The imposing Welsh Caernarfon Castle has commanded the landscape along the North Wales coastline for over 800 years.

Caernarforn Castle Histories and Castles

With its distinctive polygonal towers, intimidating battlements and integral role in British history, this iconic fortress has long occupied an important place in the nation’s heritage.

Built by King Edward I when he conquered North Wales in the 13th century, Caernarfon Castle became a symbol of English royal power. However, its origins stretch back much further as a site of local Welsh legend and myth. Throughout its long existence, stories of otherworldly omens, ghosts and hidden secrets have accumulated around Welsh Caernarfon Castle.

These enduring legends contribute to the mesmerising aura that clings to this historic castle to this day. Exploring the captivating blend of rich history and imagination makes a visit to Welsh Caernarfon Castle a one-of-a-kind experience.

A Site Steeped in History

Construction on Caernarfon Castle began in 1283 under the direct orders of Edward I, who had ambition to establish a seat of English power in the region. It was modelled after the walls of Constantinople with the purpose of demonstrating Edward’s strength and dominion. Throughout the Middle Ages, Caernarfon Castle served as an important military stronghold and centre of government.

The Birthplace of Legend

With its long, eventful lifespan over different eras, Caernarfon Castle has accumulated a unique mix of history, myth and legend. Ghostly apparitions are said to haunt its grounds, unexplained voices echo through its empty rooms and secret tunnels supposedly hide beneath its depths, or so the local myths go. These captivating stories have contributed to an aura of mystery and imagination that clings to Caernarfon Castle to the present day.

Myths and Legends of Caernarfon Castle

The Eagles of Caernarfon

The Eagles of Caernarfon

One of the most enduring legends surrounding Caernarfon Castle involves the resident eagles. According to local lore, as long as eagles continue to nest at the castle, it will remain standing strong.

Omens in the Sky

This legend originated in the Middle Ages, when eagles were first spotted nesting in the upper towers and ramparts of the newly built castle. At the time, they were seen as a good omen – evidence that the fortress would stand tall and resilient, protected by these regal birds.

The original nesting pairs have long gone, but eagles can still occasionally be spotted around Caernarfon, perpetuating the myth. People eagerly watch for them, a symbolic sign of the castle’s might.

A Lasting Legacy

This legend remains alive centuries on, with many visitors still inquiring about the resident eagles. Though more mythical than factual in nature, the Eagles of Caernarfon have embedded themselves into local culture and the heritage of the castle.

The Ghostly Apparitions

In addition to its eagles, Caernarfon Castle is said to be home to various supernatural inhabitants that haunt its grounds. Some of the most well-known ghostly tales involve:

The Spectre of Queen Eleanor

Queen Eleanor, wife of King Edward I, passed away at Caernarfon Castle in 1290. Since then, some visitors and staff have reported seeing her ghostly form wandering the castle’s King’s Gate, the scene of her death, on the anniversary of her passing. Accounts describe a woman in medieval dress who lingers briefly before fading away.

Queen Eleanor, wife of King Edward I

The Black Knight

The Black Knight Most haunted Caernarfon castle

A ghostly apparition of a knight dressed in full black armour is said to patrol the castle walls at night. Sightings of the phantom knight date back to the 16th century. According to legend, he is the spirit of a former guard of the castle condemned to forever stand watch over it.

Disembodied Wails

Eerie disembodied moans, cries and wails have been reported echoing through the empty rooms and corridors of the castle by many visitors and staff over the years. Explanations range from ghosts to winds whistling eerily through the old stones. The unexplained sounds add to the ominous atmosphere.

Subterranean Secrets

In addition to ghostly tales, myths of secret tunnels and dungeons hidden beneath Caernarfon Castle have persisted for centuries, adding to its air of mystery.

The Legend of the Underground Labyrinth

Local legend tells of an extensive labyrinth of secret passages and rooms constructed underneath Caernarfon Castle. According to myth, previous inhabitants used these sinister hidden spaces for clandestine and nefarious purposes throughout history.

While some tunnels and underground chambers have been discovered over the years, the vast underground network that locals imagine likely does not exist. Still, the lack of conclusive evidence keeps the myth alive.

caernarfon castle tunnels imagined

Fuelling Imaginations

The idea of a vast, mysterious world hidden just underfoot captures the imagination and has become ingrained in local culture. These myths are an integral part of the tapestry of intrigue that surrounds Caernarfon Castle to this day. Though likely more fiction than fact, the legends endure as a core part of the castle’s aura of enduring mystique.

The Enduring Allure of Myth

The myths and legends surrounding Caernarfon Castle have become inextricably woven into its rich history, enhancing its captivating, enduring allure.

Building a Timeless Legacy

These chilling tales of ghosts, secret passages and prophetic eagles have helped cement Caernarfon Castle’s reputation as a site steeped in history, imagination and intrigue. The stories are deeply ingrained in local culture, passed down through generations and sparking interest in new visitors.

Imagination Standing the Test of Time

While some legends may be more myth than fact, together they form a tapestry of folklore that has captured people’s imaginations throughout the centuries. The fanciful myths have become part of experiencing the magic and wonder of this historic castle.

A Site Where History Meets Legend

Caernarfon Castle continues to captivate all those who visit. Its extensive past collides with haunting myths, taking one back through time to an era of knights, conquests and mystical omens. Exploring this site where reality meets legend is an opportunity to step into an enduring realm of imagination, mystery and intrigue.

Where is Caernarforn Castle?

Castell Caernarfon, Castle Ditch, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales, LL55 2AU, United Kingdom

Map to Caernarfon Castle

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Raglan Castle

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles
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Though now just a skeleton of its former self, Raglan Castle was once a formidable stronghold and luxurious home that played a pivotal role in the regional struggles between English and Welsh factions. Its story is one of ambition, power, war, and ultimately ruin.

Construction on Raglan Castle began in the 1430s under Sir William ap Thomas, a Welsh nobleman who was appointed the first Earl of Pembroke in 1452. He selected a strategic hilltop site in Monmouthshire to build a statement home and fortress. After his death, building works continued under the Herbert family, who added lavish Tudor styling. Defensive features like moats and arrow slits ensured Raglan could withstand any siege as tensions boiled between the English and Welsh in the 15th century.

A Mix of Medieval Magic

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

Raglan Castle incorporates a mix of late medieval architecture, making it one of the last great medieval castles built in Wales. The earliest structures, including the brooding Great Tower, hark back to Norman castles with imposing fortified walls. Later expansions added lighter Tudor features like grand windows and ornate fireplaces. This blend of styles over centuries of development make wandering the ruins fascinating today.

Construction of the Castle

Building a Welsh Bastion

The construction of Raglan Castle was an ambitious undertaking that spanned over a century. It began in the 1430s under the vision of Sir William ap Thomas, who set out to build a formidable stronghold and luxurious home all in one.

Laying the Foundations

William selected a prime hilltop location overlooking the Welsh countryside for maximum strategic advantage. The very first phase focused on the imposing Great Tower, known as the keep, which has 5 tall stories and intricate medieval windows. The South Gatehouse was also an early priority to control access.

Expanding for Luxury and Defence

Raglan Castle gate

After William Herbert became the first Earl of Pembroke in 1452, building works gathered pace. The Great Hall was added for feasting and entertainment, along with a spacious kitchen and Buttery Tower. Maintenance and further expansion continued well into the 16th century. Elaborate lodgings were built in the Upper Ward.

Battlements and Moats

While many focus on Raglan’s grandeur, its formidable defences were also pivotal. A series of moats and other water features surrounded the castle, with only a few access points by bridge. Arrow slits and murder holes allowed defenders to pick off attackers. Raglan was designed to withstand siege and serve as a regional stronghold.

The Castle as a Powerful Stronghold

A Symbol of Power

Raglan Castle Powerful Stronghold

By the 15th century, Raglan Castle had become an important symbol of the Herbert family’s prestige and power in Wales. Its formidable location and defenses made it a regional stronghold that reinforced their control over the surrounding area.

Withstanding Siege

As tensions erupted between English and Welsh factions engaged in a power struggle, Raglan was repeatedly dragged into conflict. The castle was subjected to multiple sieges during the 15th century as the Welsh sought to wrestle control from the Herberts. During one month-long siege in 1461, Raglan held firm and resisted a barrage of cannon fire. This resilience in the face of siege cemented its status as an imposing and nearly impregnable fortress.

Lavish Lifestyle

Despite its strategic role, Raglan was also renowned as a luxurious family home. When the Somerset family took over in 1513, they became known for their lavish hospitality and patronage of music and poetry at Raglan Castle. Extravagant entertainments and ceremonies were held in the Great Hall. Raglan balanced military might with cultured pursuits.

Raglan During the English Civil War

A Royalist Stronghold

By the 17th century, Raglan Castle was held by Henry Somerset, the fiercely Royalist Marquis of Worcester. When civil war broke out between King Charles I and Parliament in 1642, Raglan became a key Royalist stronghold once again.

The First Siege

In 1646, Parliamentary forces arrived intent on wresting control of Raglan away from the Marquis. What followed was over a month of intense bombardment as Parliamentary cannon fire pounded the castle walls. The defenders resisted with remarkable fortitude, but were eventually forced to surrender in June.

The Final Siege

However, Parliament had not seen the last of Raglan Castle. In 1649, as the King was executed, they returned to lay siege to Raglan once more. For 10 long weeks the barrage continued, this time inflicting grave damage. By August, the castle walls had been breached and Henry Somerset finally surrendered.

The Price of War

After two gruelling sieges, the once magnificent Raglan Castle was left in ruins. Somerset negotiated to keep some lodgings intact, but Parliament ordered the destruction of most fortifications to prevent further use. Raglan had survived over a century of conflict, but the English Civil War ultimately led to its downfall.

After the Civil War

From Ruin to Romance

The surrender of Raglan Castle in 1646 marked a turning point in its history. No longer a formidable stronghold, Parliament ordered it to be partially demolished, or slighted, after the war so it could not be reused for military purposes. Much of the castle structure lay in ruins.

Decline into Picturesque Ruin

Without its defensive capabilities, Raglan Castle became obsolete. Some of the Somersets were permitted to stay in the lodgings that remained habitable, but lack of maintenance saw the castle fall into disrepair. By the 18th century, it was a shadow of its former self.

Romantic Ruins

But the castle’s decay proved captivating to some. As interests in medieval ruins grew in the Romantic era, artists and poets were drawn to the dramatic ruins of Raglan. The crumbling remains were depicted in numerous paintings and engravings during the 18th and 19th centuries, cementing its status as a picturesque Romantic ruin.

Preserved Relic

Efforts were eventually made to protect Raglan’s heritage. Today the castle is maintained by heritage body Cadw and remains a popular tourist attraction. The ruins may just be a skeleton of the formidable fortress that once stood, but they continue to conjure images of Raglan’s medieval heyday.

The Story in Stone

As we walk amongst the ruined walls and towers of Raglan Castle today, it is hard not to feel transported back through time. Though now just empty shells and crumbling masonry, they still tell the castle’s dramatic story spanning centuries.

Architectural Grandeur

From the towering Great Tower to the elegant Tudor features added later, Raglan exemplified both medieval fortitude and Renaissance beauty. As one of the last great medieval castles built in Wales, it represents the pinnacle of this complex architectural legacy. Raglan’s built heritage alone gives it immense historical value.

Pivotal Role

Beyond its awe-inspiring architecture, Raglan Castle played an integral role in regional power struggles. It withstood sieges, reinforced family prestige, and featured heavily in the English Civil War, shaping the outcome of pivotal events. Raglan’s strategic influence cements its status as a site of profound national importance.

Enduring Symbol

Now maintained by Cadw, the ruins of Raglan Castle will be preserved for posterity. Crumbling and broken they may be, but they are no less a powerful reminder of Wales’ heritage and the towering castles that once dominated its landscape. That enduring symbolic value ensures Raglan’s story will continue to be told for generations to come.

How to find Raglan Castle

Map to Raglan Castle

Raglan Castle, Castle Road, Raglan, Monmouthshire, Wales, NP15 2BT, United Kingdom

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The Architectural Ambitions of King Edward I: The Castles of Wales

King Edward I

To King Edward I, the castles of Wales were a symbol of power and dominance over the Welsh.

King Edward I, affectionately known as “Longshanks” due to his towering stature, ruled over England from 1272 to 1307. His reign, while punctuated by various pivotal events, is perhaps most renowned for his ambitious architectural endeavours in Wales.

The Isles Before Edward: A Tapestry of Tribes and Kingdoms

Before the reign of Edward I, the British Isles were a mosaic of tribes, kingdoms, and allegiances. England, having been shaped by the Norman Conquest of 1066, was a patchwork of Norman and Anglo-Saxon influences. Meanwhile, Wales, with its ancient Celtic roots, was a land of independent princedoms, each with its own ruler and traditions.

The Allure of Castles

Castles, in the medieval world, were not just stone structures; they were powerful symbols. They represented dominance, authority, and were a testament to the technological and architectural prowess of the era. For Edward, these castles in Wales were to be a statement of English supremacy, a mark of conquest, and a beacon of his vision for a united British Isles.

England’s Gaze Westward

While England had its own internal challenges, the allure of Wales, with its rich resources and strategic position, was hard to ignore. Previous English monarchs had tried, with varying degrees of success, to exert influence over Wales. However, it was a land that refused to be tamed, with its mountainous terrain providing a natural defence and its people rallying behind leaders who championed the cause of Welsh independence.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: The Last Prince of Wales

One such leader was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, often referred to as Llywelyn the Last. Under his leadership, Wales saw a brief period of consolidation and relative independence. His ambition was clear: to unite Wales under a single ruler and resist English encroachment. However, his vision would soon clash with that of another ambitious leader, Edward I.

The Prelude to Conquest

The tension between England and Wales was not just about territory; it was a clash of cultures, ambitions, and visions for the future. As Edward I ascended the throne, he was well aware of the challenges that lay ahead. With a resolute determination, he set his sights on Wales, not just as a land to conquer, but as a jewel to be integrated into the crown’s dominion.

The Conquest of Wales: Edward’s Ambition Meets Celtic Resolve

As Edward I began his reign, he was not one to rest on his laurels. With a vision to consolidate the British Isles under the English crown, Wales was his first target. But this was no simple task. Wales was a land of proud warriors, led by the charismatic Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who had no intention of bowing to English dominance.

King Edward I

Initial attempts at diplomacy were made, with treaties signed and promises exchanged. However, as is often the case in the annals of history, tensions simmered beneath the surface. Disputes over territories, allegiances, and the recognition of titles became frequent. The Treaty of Aberconwy in 1277 was one such attempt at peace, but it was a fragile one, soon to be shattered.

Edward, with his formidable army, began his march into Wales. The Welsh, known for their guerrilla warfare tactics, used the rugged terrain to their advantage. Major battles ensued, such as the Battle of Orewin Bridge, where Llywelyn met his tragic end. Towns were besieged, landscapes altered, and the Welsh resistance, though fierce, began to wane.

The Castle Strategy: Stones of Supremacy

It wasn’t just through battles that Edward aimed to conquer. He employed a strategic masterstroke – the building of castles. These were not just military bases but symbols of English power. From Caernarfon to Conwy, these castles were designed to be imposing, a constant reminder of English dominance in the heart of Welsh territory.

The Heartbreak of Wales: The End of Independence

With Llywelyn’s demise and the increasing number of castles asserting English control, the spirit of Wales was under siege. By 1283, the conquest was almost complete. The subsequent Statute of Rhuddlan integrated Wales into England, marking the end of Welsh independence for several centuries.

burning villages in Wales

The conquest of Wales was not just a military campaign; it was a clash of cultures, identities, and dreams. While Edward might have achieved his territorial ambitions, the heart and soul of Wales remained unconquered. The Welsh language, culture, and spirit persisted, a testament to the resilience of its people.

The Vision Behind the Walls

King Edward I’s castle-building campaign in Wales was unparalleled in its scale and ambition. But to truly appreciate these architectural marvels, we must first understand the vision behind them. These castles were not merely military fortifications; they were symbols of power, statements of authority, and, in many ways, a bridge between two cultures.

Strategic Strongholds: The Military Genius

At the heart of Edward’s castle-building strategy was a clear military objective. The locations of these castles were meticulously chosen for their strategic advantages.

  • Control of Key Routes: Many castles were positioned to oversee vital transport and communication routes, ensuring English control over movement within Wales.
  • Defensive Masterpieces: With features like concentric walls, arrow slits, and drawbridges, these castles were designed to withstand prolonged sieges and repel attackers with efficiency.

Symbolism and Dominance: An Architectural Statement

Beyond their military function, the design and grandeur of these castles served a symbolic purpose.

  • Imposing Presence: Their towering battlements and vast courtyards were a constant reminder to the Welsh of English dominance.
  • Architectural Wonders: The intricate designs, such as the unique polygonal towers of Caernarfon Castle, showcased the architectural prowess of the era and reflected the might of the English crown.

Economic Hubs: Centres of Trade and Prosperity

The castles also played a pivotal role in the economic landscape of medieval Wales.

  • Trade and Commerce: Positioned near key trade routes and waterways, many castles became bustling hubs of commerce, facilitating trade between Wales and the rest of the British Isles.
  • Local Economies: The construction of these castles provided employment opportunities, leading to the growth of surrounding settlements and boosting local economies.

A Fusion of Cultures: The Meeting of English and Welsh Worlds

Interestingly, while these castles were symbols of English dominance, they also became melting pots of culture.

  • Welsh Craftsmanship: Many local Welsh craftsmen were employed in the construction, leading to a fusion of English and Welsh architectural styles.
  • Cultural Exchange: Over time, these castles and their surrounding settlements became centres of cultural exchange, where the traditions of the conquerors and the conquered intermingled.

Today, as we wander through the ruins of these majestic structures, we are not just walking through corridors of stone but through hallways of history. Each turret, moat, and battlement tells a story of ambition, conflict, and resilience.

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Dolbadarn Castle: A Jewel in Snowdonia’s Crown

Dolbadarn castle Histories and Castles

In the hills of the Snowdonia National Park lies a hidden gem of Welsh history – Dolbadarn Castle. This picturesque castle may not be as grand as some of its counterparts, but its scenic location and intriguing backstory make it a must-see for any history buff touring North Wales.

Built in the 1230s by the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great, Dolbadarn Castle boasts a strategic position near the Llyn Padarn lake. Its unique circular keep stands as a lasting symbol of power from a turbulent period in Wales’ past. Today, intrepid travelers hike up to explore what remains of this small yet iconic castle with sweeping views of the Snowdonia mountains in the distance.

Despite its ruined state after centuries of wars, sieges, and neglect, the rare round tower design preserves Dolbadarn’s legacy as both an important military stronghold and enchanting local landmark. From the top of the keep, panoramas showcase the raw wilderness that first drew the Welsh princes to fortify this dramatic spot in the Middle Ages. Come discover why Dolbadarn Castle shining in the mist serves as the crown jewel of the lush Llanberis Pass area!

Table of Contents

    The Dawn of Dolbadarn

    A Prince’s Vision

    In the year 1230 AD, the great Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Great, embarked on an ambitious project. Seeking to cement his authority across North Wales, he envisioned a fortress that would not only serve as a symbol of his power but also as a strategic stronghold. And so, the foundations of Dolbadarn Castle were laid.

    Choosing the Perfect Spot

    Location is everything, and Llywelyn knew this all too well. He chose the Llanberis Pass, a vital mountain pass connecting Caernarfon and southern Snowdonia, as the site for his new castle. This strategic location allowed him to control movement and trade, ensuring his dominance over the region.

    Dolbadarn castle Histories and Castles

    From Timber to Stone

    Initially, Dolbadarn might have looked quite different from the stone behemoth we know today. It’s believed that the earliest fortifications were simple timber structures, swiftly erected to serve immediate defensive needs. However, as time passed and Llywelyn’s reign grew stronger, these wooden battlements gave way to imposing stone walls and towers. These structures, some of which still stand today, are a testament to the castle’s evolution and its significance as an administrative hub for Llywelyn’s expansive kingdom.

    A Symbol of Power

    Perched on its rocky hillside, with the serene waters of Llyn Padarn at its feet, Dolbadarn Castle soon became more than just a fortress. It emerged as a symbol of power and prestige in North Wales. For over two centuries, it remained a bulwark for successive Welsh princes, echoing with tales of bravery, ambition, and resilience.

    In this first glimpse into Dolbadarn’s storied past, we’ve journeyed from its inception under a visionary prince to its rise as a beacon of Welsh pride. As we delve deeper into its corridors and climb its ancient towers, we’ll uncover more tales that have shaped not just this castle, but the very fabric of Welsh history. So, dear reader, let’s journey together through time and discover the secrets that Dolbadarn Castle holds within its walls.

    The Architectural Marvel of Dolbadarn

    Stone Sentinels of the Past

    As we step closer to the imposing ruins of Dolbadarn Castle, we’re immediately struck by its architectural prowess. These walls and towers, though partially in ruins, whisper tales of medieval grandeur and strategic brilliance. Let’s unravel the architectural secrets that make Dolbadarn a standout gem in the annals of castle design.

    The Heart of the Castle: The Stone Keep

    A Towering Presence

    At the very core of Dolbadarn stands its tall stone keep, a structure that has withstood the test of time. Spanning three floors, this keep was the epicentre of life and activity. It housed the great hall, where feasts were held and decisions made; private chambers, offering solace to the castle’s inhabitants; and battlements, from where guards kept a vigilant eye on the surroundings.

    Round Towers: A Unique Touch

    What sets Dolbadarn apart are the unusual round towers that grace the corners of the keep. Not just architectural embellishments, these towers added an extra layer of defence, allowing guards to have a panoramic view and shoot arrows in all directions. Their circular design also meant they were harder to undermine, making them a formidable challenge for any would-be attacker.

    Beyond the Keep: The Outer Ward

    A Protective Embrace

    Encircling the keep is the outer ward, a lower area fortified with walls and ditches. This wasn’t just a protective barrier; it was a bustling hub of daily life. Service buildings, including the kitchen where tantalising aromas wafted, stables that echoed with the neighing of horses, and a chapel for spiritual solace, all found their place here.

    A Watery Gateway

    One of the most intriguing features of Dolbadarn is the small canal that connected the castle to the sea. This wasn’t just for scenic boat rides; it was a strategic move. Supplies could be ferried directly to the castle, ensuring that even during sieges, the castle’s inhabitants wouldn’t go hungry.

    Defence: A Masterclass in Design

    Dolbadarn’s design wasn’t just about grandeur; it was a masterclass in defensive architecture. The massive gatehouse stood as a sentinel, controlling who entered and exited. Slit windows in the keep provided perfect vantage points, allowing archers to take aim without exposing themselves. Every stone, every tower, every wall was meticulously planned to ensure the castle remained impregnable.

    Walking Amongst Giants

    Today, as we wander amidst these colossal stones, it’s easy to be transported back to a time of knights and archers, of strategy and power plays. The very air seems charged with history, and every nook and cranny has a story to tell. Dolbadarn’s architectural brilliance not only showcases its importance in regional power dynamics but also offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of castle design.

    Centuries of Dominance

    A Welsh Bastion

    For over two centuries, Dolbadarn Castle stood as a beacon of Welsh resilience and power. Its strategic location, overlooking the Llanberis Pass, made it a jewel in the crown of Welsh princes. From its towering walls to its deep moats, every aspect of Dolbadarn was designed to assert dominance and control over the region.

    The English Conquest

    However, as with many tales of great fortresses, Dolbadarn’s golden era was not to last forever. In 1283, a significant shift in power dynamics occurred. The mighty English forces, led by King Edward I, set their sights on North Wales. Dolbadarn, despite its formidable defences, fell into English hands, marking the end of an era of Welsh dominance.

    Under New Management

    A Strategic Asset

    Even under English rule, Dolbadarn’s strategic importance did not wane. It continued to play a pivotal role, its garrison keeping a watchful eye over Snowdonia, ready to quell any signs of rebellion. The castle’s walls, which had once echoed with Welsh songs, now resonated with the footsteps of English soldiers.

    Prison for the Rebel

    One of the most captivating tales from this period is the imprisonment of the legendary Welsh rebel, Owain Glyndŵr. In 1405, following a revolt, Glyndŵr found himself confined within Dolbadarn’s cold stone walls. Though his captivity was brief, the very thought of such a prominent figure being held in Dolbadarn adds another layer of intrigue to its storied history.

    The Inevitable Decline

    A Fortress Forgotten

    As the years rolled on and the political landscape of Britain evolved, the need for a stronghold like Dolbadarn diminished. The once-mighty fortress, which had seen battles and rebellions, began to lose its strategic significance. By the early 1400s, following the end of Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion, the castle’s importance waned. Historical records from around 1550 paint a sombre picture of Dolbadarn, suggesting it was largely abandoned and in a state of disrepair.

    A Testament to Time

    Today, the ruins of Dolbadarn stand as a poignant reminder of its glorious past. While its walls may have crumbled and its towers decayed, the spirit of Dolbadarn remains unbroken. It serves as a monument to a time when castles were more than just buildings; they were symbols of power, resistance, and identity.

    As we reflect on Dolbadarn’s journey through the ages, from its days of glory to its eventual decline, we’re reminded of the transient nature of power and the enduring legacy of history. Each stone, each ruin, tells a tale of ambition, conflict, and resilience. And as we walk through its ruins, we’re not just exploring a castle; we’re stepping back in time, immersing ourselves in the rich tapestry of Welsh history.

    How to find Dolbadarn Castle

    Map to Dolbadarn Castle Map and directions

    Dolbadarn Castle address Dolbadarn Castle, A4086, Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales, LL55 4UB, United Kingdom

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    Ewloe Castle

    Ewloe Castle Histories and Castles
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    Ewloe Castle is a medieval fortification located in Flintshire, Wales. The imposing stone ruins stand as a reminder of the struggle between the Welsh and English for control of Wales in the Middle Ages. But when was this iconic castle built and what purpose did it serve?

    Construction by Llywelyn the Great

    The castle was likely constructed between 1210 and 1260 AD under the orders of Llywelyn the Great. Llywelyn was a powerful leader who ruled large parts of Wales and sought to unite the Welsh territories under his control. Building formidable castles like Ewloe helped project his power and defend against English incursions into Wales.

    Strategic Location

    The site was carefully chosen at a strategic crossing point of two rivers on the Welsh-English border. This allowed the castle to control an important route between northeast Wales and Chester. The wetland terrain also made a direct assault difficult.

    Expanding an Earlier Fortification

    Ewloe was built on the site of an earlier simple motte and bailey castle. Llywelyn transformed this into a much larger stone fortification that reflected the latest advances in castle design. This shows how rulers adapted existing defences to counter growing threats.

    Ewloe Castle Under Siege

    A Stronghold Against Edward I

    By the late 13th century, Ewloe Castle had become an important stronghold for Welsh independence. In 1277, it was attacked by English armies under Edward I as part of his first invasion of Wales. However, the castle’s impressive defences allowed it to withstand the siege.

    Further Resistance

    Ewloe continued to serve as a strategic fortress guarding northern Wales. When Edward I launched a second major offensive in 1294, the castle held out for several months before finally falling to the English forces. Its resilience helped stall Edward’s advance and allow the Welsh time to regroup.

    Gradual Decline Under English Control

    With Wales now under English control, Ewloe Castle entered a long period of decline. As a symbol of Welsh defiance, sections of its walls and towers were deliberately slighted to render it indefensible. Over the next few centuries, the fortress gradually fell into ruin.

    Legacy as a Symbol of Struggle

    Though now an empty shell, Ewloe remains an evocative monument to its crucial role guarding Wales during a critical period in its struggle against English domination. The castle’s dramatic history and ruined walls serve as a powerful reminder of the fierce resistance put up by the Welsh.

    Ewloe Castle Today

    A Protected Ancient Monument

    Having stood for over 700 years, the ruins of Ewloe Castle now enjoy protected status. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument that recognises its importance as a historical structure. This ensures its preservation for future generations.

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    Prestatyn Castle

    Prestatyn Castle Histories and Castles

    Perched atop a hill overlooking the Irish Sea, the partially ruined castle cut an imposing figure on the landscape. Whilst little remains of this once-powerful Norman stronghold, Prestatyn Castle continues to be an intriguing historic landmark that provides a window into Wales’ past.

    The Origins of Prestatyn Castle

    The castle’s origins stretch back to the late 12th century, when it was constructed under the orders of Robert Banastre, an Anglo-Norman lord who participated in King Henry II’s invasion of North Wales. After this conquest of Gwynedd, Banastre was granted lands across Denbighshire, including Prestatyn, and he promptly set about building a castle to solidify Norman control over the region. Strategically positioned near the sea and the Clwydian Range, Prestatyn Castle allowed the Normans to keep watch over the northern Welsh coastline and defend their newly captured territories.

    For several centuries, Prestatyn Castle remained an imposing symbol of Norman authority in this part of Wales. It stood firm against numerous attacks and seizures during the tumultuous Middle Ages, providing military staging point from which further conquests could be launched. However, by the 15th century, the castle had fallen into disuse and dilapidation. Much of the original stonework and buildings were dismantled over the following centuries, leaving only partial outer walls, corner towers, and the remnants of the keep still standing today.

    History

    The beginnings of Prestatyn Castle can be traced back to the year 1157, when construction first commenced under its founder, Robert Banastre. Banastre, who came from a Norman family with lands in Lancashire, had joined King Henry II’s invasion force to North Wales in 1157. After contributing to the defeat of the Welsh lords and seizure of territory across Gwynedd and Denbighshire, Banastre was rewarded with lordship over Prestatyn and other lands along the North Wales coast.

    Work on Prestatyn Castle likely began soon after this conquest, around 1157-1161. It formed part of a ring of Norman fortifications built across North Wales to exert control over the restless Welsh populace. Other Norman strongholds erected around this time include Dyserth and Degannwy Castles located not far from Prestatyn.

    The first written reference to Prestatyn Castle dates from 1241, when it was reportedly taken by Llywelyn the Great, a Prince of Gwynedd who briefly reclaimed the castle from the Normans. Yet English control was soon re-established. For the next two centuries, Prestatyn Castle remained a contested stronghold, changing hands repeatedly between Welsh and Norman forces. It served as a strategic military base for numerous raids, attacks, and counter-attacks during this turbulent period.

    By the 15th century, Prestatyn Castle had fallen into neglect and ruin. It was likely abandoned completely as a fortress by the late 1400s. With the pacification of North Wales and union with England, castles like Prestatyn lost their military significance. Over subsequent centuries, much of the stonework was pilfered for use in local buildings, accelerating the castle’s dereliction.

    Architecture

    In its prime, Prestatyn Castle would have been an impressive and formidable structure, built and designed to project Norman power. It had a rectangular shape overall, with high curtain walls enclosing an inner ward and outer ward. Square towers stood at each corner for added defence. At the centre was a mighty stone keep, the strongest part of the castle.

    The keep likely rose at least three storeys high, with walls up to three metres thick made of locally quarried sandstone blocks. Within the keep would have been private chambers and accommodation for the lord and his family, along with supplies. Arrow slits and lookout points studded the keep to provide 360-degree visibility and defence.

    Encircling the keep were the inner and outer wards, which contained other domestic buildings like a hall, kitchens, stables and workshops. The outer ward was protected by a heavy curtain wall dotted with battlements for archers and flanked by corner towers. The main entrance was through an imposing gatehouse in the western wall.

    Whilst much of Prestatyn Castle has been lost over the centuries, substantial remnants do remain. Modern visitors can still see portions of the mighty keep walls, corner towers, outer defence walls, and the remains of the gatehouse. These ruins stand as echoes of the castle’s former military might and provide insight into its original layout and structures. Ongoing archaeological work continues to uncover more about the medieval architecture and design.

    The Castle Today

    Though now an empty shell of its former self, Prestatyn Castle continues to be an important historic site. Following centuries of neglect, the castle ruins were taken into public ownership in the 20th century.

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    The Ghosts of Welsh Castles

    Histories and Castles most haunted

    Wales is a nation full of history and heritage, with medieval castles dotting its landscape. Many of these ancient castles also come with tales of ghosts and paranormal occurrences within their walls. From the spirit of a grieving queen to knights forever doomed to replay their deaths, these haunted Welsh castles, known as the ghosts of Welsh castles, draw interest from history buffs, ghost hunters and curious sceptics alike.

    The Ghostly Queen of Caernarfon Castle

    Caernarfon Castle in North Wales stands as one of the most impressive and well-preserved medieval castles in all of Wales. Its expansive stone walls, polygonal towers, and intimidating façade hearken back to its construction in the late 13th century by King Edward I, who was determined to establish his dominance over Wales after bloody military conquests.

    Following the castle’s completion in 1330, it became an administrative centre of English rule in Wales and was the site of the birth of Edward’s son and heir, who became Edward II. However, Edward I’s wife, Queen Eleanor of Castile, did not live to see the finished grand castle, as she passed away in 1290 before construction was complete.

    ghosts of Welsh castles Caernarfon castle

    Legend has it that Queen Eleanor’s grief-stricken spirit still roams the castle that her husband dedicated to her, unable to find rest. For centuries there have been reported sightings of the ghostly Queen Eleanor pacing the parapets and walking through chambers at night dressed in flowing medieval gowns, her face etched with sadness. Her apparition appears solid at a distance but evaporates to a mist when approached.

    Some believe she is pining for her lost husband, while others say her ghost remains troubled over the bloodshed Edward I inflicted on Wales to build his empire. Whatever the reasons, her haunting presence has been experienced by castle staff and visitors alike. Caernarfon remains one of the most well-known haunted castles in Wales, with the melancholy but benign spirit of Queen Eleanor etching her mark on the site for eternity.

    The Headless Horror of Caerphilly Castle

    The imposing ruins of Caerphilly Castle in South Wales date back to the 13th century and stand as Wales’ largest medieval fortification. Its long history is mired in warfare, sieges, and betrayals. It is perhaps no surprise that this ancient castle is rumoured to be haunted by numerous ghosts and ghouls.

    The most infamous and frequently sighted apparition is that of a headless spectre believed to be a nobleman who was decapitated for treason here in the 13th century after scheming against his lord. In life and now in death, he roams the grounds carrying his severed head under his arm, unable to rest in peace. His chilling headless form has been witnessed floating through the castle’s old ruined walls by many visitors over the years.

    ghosts of Welsh castles Caerphilly castle

    But the headless nobleman is not the only ghost said to dwell here. Eerie screams and unexplained banging noises echo through the halls at night. Some attribute these violent sounds to the gruesome history of torture and execution that took place within the medieval castle walls. Others say it is the clamour of long-dead warriors still battling as phantom armies in the courtyards. Whatever the source, the unsettling noises contribute to Caerphilly’s haunted atmosphere.

    Caerphilly Castle’s paranormal legends are well known today, and the site leans into its spooky reputation by offering guided ghost tours in the evenings. Brave visitors can take part in overnight vigils hunting for ghosts. While the validity of the sightings is questionable, Caerphilly’s spectral residents have cemented its status as one of the most famously haunted castles in Wales.

    Restless Spirits of Cardiff Castle

    Cardiff Castle stands at the heart of the Welsh capital with over 2,000 years of history within its walls. First built by the Romans as a fort in 75 AD, it later became a Norman motte and bailey castle in the 11th century and was expanded into a lavish Victorian Gothic revival mansion in the 19th century.

    With this long and varied lineage spanning invasion, conquest, and tragedy, it is no wonder Cardiff Castle is said to be intensely haunted, with reported ghost sightings spanning Roman soldiers, medieval knights, and Victorian ladies.

    ghosts of Welsh castles Cardiff castle

    One of the most common apparitions is that of a Roman soldier in full military garb who wanders the castle grounds, seemingly unaware that more than one thousand years have passed since the end of Roman rule. He disappears when approached. Could this be a sentinel eternally standing guard over what was once one of the westernmost Roman forts?

    Within the Norman keep, the sounds of clashing swords and men yelling battle cries are often heard but no source found. And in the luxurious mansion, the ghost of one of the castle’s wealthy Victorian residents has been seen gliding through rooms in a black silk dress before vanishing into thin air.

    The many layers of Cardiff Castle’s history appear to have bred countless troubled spirits unwilling or unable to leave the grounds they once walked. Their presence is felt frequently by visitors and staff alike, making Cardiff Castle one of Wales’ most active paranormal hotspots. Tours and overnight ghost hunts here aim to uncover Cardiff’s centuries of haunted history.

    The Doomed Spirit of Sir Richard at Raglan Castle

    The majestic ruins of Raglan Castle in South Wales are all that remain of what was once a grand 15th century fortress, home to generations of the Herbert family. The castle met its demise after being besieged during the English Civil War in the 1600s. Among the most famous residents of Raglan Castle was Sir Richard Herbert, a nobleman and soldier who died within the castle’s walls in 1469.

    It is the ghost of Sir Richard that is said to haunt this castle to this day. On the anniversary of his death each year, Sir Richard’s ghostly apparition appears on the grounds, destined to re-enact his final doomed moments for eternity. Dressed in full medieval armour and carrying a spear, his ghost paces the castle as he prepares to meet an attacker who never comes. Some have reported seeing his figure engaged in battle with an invisible foe before he ultimately vanishes.

    ghosts of Welsh castles

    But Sir Richard does not limit his hauntings to just the anniversary of his death. Strange unexplained shadows, ghostly voices echoing through the halls, and flickering lights have all been reported frequently at Raglan Castle over the centuries. The uncanny events always increase in frequency at night, leading most ghost tours and paranormal investigations here to take place after dark.

    The recurring appearance of Sir Richard’s noble ghost, coupled with the castle’s numerous unsettling incidents, firmly cements Raglan as one of the most famously and actively haunted castles in all of Wales. It seems Sir Richard is doomed to patrol his beloved home as a spectral sentry until the end of time.

    Ghostly Tales of Welsh Castles

    The long history and crumbling ruins of Welsh castles have spawned generations of ghostly tales. While the truth of the paranormal sightings is uncertain, the haunted legends surrounding these castles continue to draw interest from tourists, history buffs, and ghost hunters alike who hope to catch a glimpse of the past. These stories help keep the history of Wales alive by reimagining some of its most impactful figures as restless spirits eternally bound to the castles they inhabited in life.

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    Montgomery Castle

    Montgomery Castle Histories and Castles

    The ruins of Montgomery Castle provide scenic views across the surrounding countryside. Built by the Normans in the 11th century shortly after their conquest of England, Montgomery Castle was strategically sited to control major routes along the Welsh-English border.

    Why was Montgomery Castle built?

    With its massive stone keep, curtain walls, towers and imposing gatehouse, Montgomery Castle was a formidable stronghold designed to project Norman power. Over the following centuries, control of Montgomery Castle shifted between English and Welsh forces during periodic conflicts, with the castle changing hands several times.

    Montgomery Castle
    By Trevor Rickard, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13077845

    Though now an atmospheric ruin following its destruction in the 17th century, Montgomery Castle’s site continues to dominate the landscape, reminding visitors of its strategic importance. Its remains tell the storied tale of Norman ambition and medieval English-Welsh struggle for domination.

    The Strategic Position of Montgomery Castle

    Montgomery Castle occupies a naturally strategic location that gave it key advantages:

    • Elevated Site – The castle was built atop a high rocky outcrop providing strong natural defenses, including steep slopes and cliffs protecting three sides.
    • Route Control – The site controlled an important intersection of routes between northeast Wales and England’s West Midlands region. Patrols could monitor movement.
    • Proximity – Though located inland, Montgomery Castle was close enough to the English border to allow rapid reinforcements from English garrisons if needed.
    • Commanding Views – The elevated perch afforded panoramic views for miles in all directions, allowing defenders to spot approaching forces.
    • Psychological Dominance – The imposing castle atop the outcrop intimidated and dominated the surrounding Welsh countryside as a projection of Norman England’s military might.

    Montgomery Castle’s hilltop position maximised both its defensive capabilities and ability to project authoritarian power over the adjacent lands and roads.

    Features and Layout of Montgomery Castle

    Montgomery Castle incorporated several key defensive and residential features in its design:

    • Stone Keep – At the highest point sat a massive square stone keep over 50 feet tall, serving as the innermost stronghold and lookout.
    • Curtain Walls – Circular curtain walls up to 10 feet thick encircled the grounds with crenelated battlements and towers for archers.
    • Gatehouse – A large stone gatehouse controlled entry over an outer drawbridge and iron portcullis, flanked by two towers.
    • Inner Ward – The inner bailey or ward included a great hall, kitchens, well, chapel and accommodations for the lord’s household.
    • Outer Ward – The outer ward housed stables, kennels, storage sheds and soldiers’ quarters.
    • Water Supply – An ingenious dual well and cistern system provided fresh water and storage during potential sieges.

    Montgomery Castle’s formidable construction enabled it to withstand attack while dominating the surrounding region.

    History and Conflicts of Montgomery Castle

    As a strategic stronghold in the Welsh Marches, Montgomery Castle’s history was shaped by centuries of English-Welsh conflict:

    • Norman Construction – Montgomery Castle was built by the Normans in the late 11th century to consolidate their control of central Wales after invading England in 1066.
    • Medieval Struggle – As English and Welsh factions struggled for control of Wales over the next centuries, Montgomery Castle changed hands multiple times, besieged in 1165 and 1215.
    • Glyndŵr Revolt – The castle was captured by forces of Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr in 1402 before being retaken by the English.
    • Civil War – During the English Civil War in 1644, Montgomery Castle was held by Royalists until surrendering to Parliamentarians in 1645, after which it was partly demolished.
    • Modern Ruin – Largely abandoned since the 17th century, substantial portions of the curtain walls, towers and gatehouse still stand today as dramatic ruins.

    Montgomery Castle’s long history of conflict provides insights into the prolonged struggle between England and Wales for control of the Welsh Marches frontier.

    How to find Montgomery Castle

    Map to Montgomery Castle Map and directions

    Montgomery Castle address Montgomery Castle, Castle Walk, Montgomery, Powys, Wales, SY15 6ES, United Kingdom

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