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Uncovering the Hidden Histories of England and Wales’ Overlooked Castles

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

Looking Beyond the Postcard Views of England and Wales’ Iconic Castles

Names like Windsor, Caernarfon and Warwick instantly evoke images of imposing medieval fortresses and turreted castles immortalized on countless postcards and travel brochures. As architectural icons, they have secured their place in public imagination. But hidden histories lie buried if one just scratches beneath their tourist-centric portrayals.

Venture into England and Wales’ lesser-known castles off the beaten track and become an historical detective unearthing tales scarcely whispered about in famous counterparts. Through crumbling ruins get glimpses of Roman soldiers, clashes with warring tribes, violent sieges and betrayals that echo still. Opulent rooms transport back to royal intrigue and plottings for power behind now faded grandeur.

While renowned castles have merits, seeking out their hidden counterparts rewards with unexpected insights and magical romance not showcased to seasonal visitors. Celebrate England and Wales’ iconic fortresses, but also wander where few tread to uncover what overlooked castles uniquely reveal about the land’s captivating past when history turns storyteller. Be enchanted by their secrets waiting to enthral explorers in the know.

Caister Castle – A Soldier’s Stronghold

Caister Castle

Origins Tied to Famed King Henry V

Standing proudly in the coastal town of Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk, Caister Castle had humble beginnings as a manor house in the 15th century. Its builder, the influential Sir John Fastolf who had fought alongside King Henry V at the legendary Battle of Agincourt in 1415, converted it into a moated castle during the 1430s. His years of service and loyalty to the famed King no doubt aided his vision of creating a formidable castle fortress by the sea that still stands today.

post-Agincourt Fortune and Ambition

Having amassed great wealth following his return from France, Sir John set about turning Caister into a well-fortified residence suiting his ambition. The property underwent extensions and alterations over time reflecting changing designs and trends. By his death in 1459, Sir John had expanded Caister into a 1000-acre estate with all the trappings of a castle suitable for nobility despite his non-aristocratic roots – a testament to Agincourt hero King Henry V’s evident patronage.

Descendants and Knights Who Came After

Ownership of Caister Castle continued down Fastolf’s descendants like John de Norwich who made his own additions in the late 16th century. But in 1692 it was finally bought by Sir William Rich who extensively remodelled the castle to resemble a baroque palace, changing forever the home that Sir John Fastolf had crafted in homage to victories past alongside England’s great king. Despite alterations, the foundations of Fastolf’s legacy remain evident even now.

Goodrich Castle – Nine Centuries of Tumultuous History

Royalty to Civil War Sieges

Standing sentinel over the Wye Valley along the English-Welsh border for over 900 years, Goodrich Castle’s long history is etched into its weathered sandstone walls. Royalty, conflict and tumultuous events dating back to medieval times echo from its ruins. Back in the 13th century, King John and later Edward I were hosted here amidst regional power struggles as English and Welsh lords jockeyed for influence.

Goodrich Castle, Goodrich

Strategic Stronghold Frequently Embattled

Its strategic location made Goodrich Castle an important garrison, reinforced to withstand repeated attacks during various Medieval clashes with Wales. When English Civil War erupted in 1642 between Royalist and Parliamentary forces, Goodrich Castle was embroiled on the frontlines. Fiercely besieged by Roundheads, it finally fell after an onslaught of cannon fire and endured much looting and destruction.

Eerie Beauty in Ruin

Walking Goodrich Castle’s grounds today evokes imaginings of butchery and conflict, sieges and power struggles playing out within its battered walls centuries prior. The missing roofs open the ruins picturesquely to the elements. Visitors willing to look closely will discover musket balls embedded in walls, echoes of fighting past. Tranquil and ghostly, Goodrich now holds darker secrets within its aged stone.

Raglan Castle – Wales’ Last Great Medieval Fortress

15th Century Architectural Masterpiece

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

With its majestic location and imposing twin Great Tower set amidst landscaped gardens, Raglan Castle cuts a dramatic figure atop a hill in Monmouthshire, Wales. Built in the 15th century during a time of political turmoil, construction aimed to create a self-sufficient medieval fortress palace to reinforce the family stronghold of the Herberts – later Earls of Pembroke.

Political Intrigue and Evolution

As prominent landowners jostling with rivals for power in Wales, the Herberts used Raglan Castle’s evolving features to reinforce their status. With social circles intertwining nobility and royalty, they hosted figures like Edward IV and Richard III at Raglan Castle through the ages. Additional towers, a Great Hall and more luxury suites were added as the estate grew.

Demise and Ruins Still Standing

By the 1600s, Raglan Castle’s importance as a power base made it a target in the English Civil War. After withstanding over a year-long onslaught ending in collapse and surrender, it saw significant looting and destruction – scaffolding still clings to unfinished walls. Visitors can explore many intact features to envision splendid medieval life within its defence-focused design before Roundhead cannons spelled the end.

Famous Sites Only Scratch the Surface

While renowned castles of England and Wales like Windsor and Caernarfon rightly enjoy popularity and fame for their grandeur, they merely scratch the surface of what captivating fortified history exists in the region. Once you stray off the heavily beaten tourist trails, a treasure trove of lesser-known castles awaits.

Overlooked Gems Hide Compelling Tales

Lesser-known castles often harbour their own rich tales in architecture, hauntings, sieges, civil war destruction and roles in regional power politics over centuries past. But they require some probing to uncover – whether wading through crumbling ruins or poring over obscure records. For curious visitors willing to search, their secrets emerge.

The Hunt Continues for More Hidden Histories

The examples above represent but a sample of the overlooked castles where intriguing secrets are buried beneath the surface. Who knows how many more exist nestled anonymously within the English and Welsh countryside? Great potential remains to showcase further hidden gems that may reveal unexpected twists in British history or architectural marvels at risk of fading into obscurity if not uncovered soon. The hunt continues.

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The Tower of London

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The Tower of London Unveiled

Tower of London in England

On the north bank of the River Thames, the Tower of London is far more than a mere tourist attraction. This iconic fortress, with its imposing walls and timeless allure, is a living testament to Britain’s rich and often tumultuous history. From its origins as a royal palace to its darker days as a prison, the Tower has been the backdrop for some of the most significant events in British history.

The Structure and Architecture of the Tower of London

The Layout of the Tower

The Tower of London is made up of multiple towers, walls, and buildings surrounded by a moat. This historic castle complex sits on 12 acres of land on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

The White Tower sits at the centre of the complex. William the Conqueror built the White Tower in 1078, and it was the first stone tower at the site. The White Tower served as accommodation for the Norman kings and contains a chapel and armoury.

Over time, various monarchs added more towers and walls around the White Tower to make the castle larger and more secure. The 12-sided outer wall and its towers were built between 1275 to 1285 during the reign of King Edward I.

Tower of London Histories and Castles

Some key areas and towers within the complex include the Bell Tower, the Bloody Tower, the Inner Ward, the Royal Mint, and the Tower Green. The entire Tower of London is considered a landmark UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Architectural Styles

The Tower of London in England

The Tower of London showcases various architectural styles and innovations from the 11th century onwards. The original Norman architecture is evident in the design of the White Tower, with its thick stone walls, arched windows, and chapels.

The Medieval architecture style can be seen in the towers and defensive walls added during the Medieval period. Tudor brickwork and design are also visible in some of the Tudor-era expansions and towers.

Gothic influences and Victorian restorations also shaped the evolution of the Tower over the centuries. The complex stands as an architectural timeline of knowledge spanning nearly 1000 years of British history.

The Moat

Surrounding the Tower of London is a moat which serves as an additional layer of security and defence.

The moat is 150 feet wide and was originally filled with water from the Thames. Today, sections of the moat are dry while other parts contain water features.

When the moat was first constructed in the 13th century, it would have deterred potential invaders from directly attacking the walls of the Tower. Guards would have patrolled the top of the walls, making it difficult to penetrate the fortress.

The moat remains an iconic part of the Tower’s medieval layout and design over 700 years later. When visiting, tourists can now walk along sections of the ancient moat.

Key Events and People Connected to the Tower of London

The Tower of London has been the backdrop for many famous events and imprisonment of significant historical figures over the centuries.

The Tower as a Royal Residence

Various monarchs used the Tower of London as a royal residence, especially in the 11th to 16th centuries. William the Conqueror stayed at the White Tower and Henry III later expanded the royal quarters.

Famous historical figures who resided in the Tower include Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Grey, Elizabeth I before her coronation, and the Princes in the Tower – Edward V and Richard. Sections like the Queen’s House date back to the residence of Queen Elizabeth I.

Having a fortified royal residence at the Tower ensured protection for the monarch in times of civil unrest in medieval London. It also reinforced the Crown’s authority and power.

Notable Prisoners at the Tower

As well as a royal home, the Tower also served as a notorious prison for high-profile prisoners. The first prisoner held at the tower was Bishop Ranulf Flambard in 1100 who was also the first person to escape the Tower.

Famous prisoners held at the Tower include Anne Boleyn before her execution, Lady Jane Grey, Guy Fawkes of the Gunpowder Plot, military leader the Duke of Wellington, the Kray twins, and Rudolf Hess during World War II.

Executions also took place on the grounds of the Tower during its history as a prison. Public figures like Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Grey and Sir Walter Raleigh were executed at the Tower.

Guy Fawkes and the Tower of London

The Crown Jewels

The Tower of London houses the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom – a unique collection of royal regalia. The collection includes crowns, swords, rings, sceptres and other items associated with British coronations and ceremonies.

The Crown Jewels contain 23,578 precious stones, with the most valuable crown being the monarch’s crown. The jewels are housed in the Waterloo Block at the Tower and guarded by the Yeomen Warders.

The magnificent Crown Jewels represent the long history of the British monarchy. Millions of people visit the Tower every year to catch a glimpse of the glittering gems and symbols of power.

The Significance of the Tower of London

The Tower of London stands today as one of Britain’s most iconic landmarks and tourist destinations. Here’s a look back at why this historic castle continues to intrigue visitors from around the world:

A Position of Power

Built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century, the Tower asserted the monarch’s supremacy and authority over London. The sheer size and fortifications of the Tower demonstrated the Crown’s strength for centuries.

Located strategically near the River Thames, it became an important political stronghold for controlling London and handling affairs of state. Its use as an armoury, treasury and mint further consolidated regal power.

A Timeline of British History

The growth and evolution of the Tower of London mirrors major events and trends in British history. Its architecture spans from Norman to Tudor to Victorian styles.

Monarchs like Henry III, Edward I, Anne Boleyn and Elizabeth I all left their mark. The Tower also reflects Britain’s tumultuous past, holding notorious traitors, rebels and enemies of the state.

Walking along the Tower’s walls and towers provides an immersive timeline of London’s history and the country’s past monarchs.

The Allure of the Macabre

Haunted Tower of London

Fact and myth intertwine when it comes to the grisly reputation of the Tower. Tales of torture, execution and imprisonment attract those seeking a darker side of British history.

The Tower’s role as a site of death and confinement for figures like Anne Boleyn and the Princes in the Tower fuels its lurid appeal. While not all legends are true, the Tower still captivates the imagination.

The Tower of London remains an iconic landmark that encapsulates nearly 1000 years of British royalty, drama and secrets that continue to fascinate over 2 million visitors each year.

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Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle in England on the website Histories and Castles
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Windsor Castle is not just another monumental structure dotting the British landscape; it’s a living, breathing museum of British history. As the world’s oldest and largest inhabited castle, it stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the British monarchy and the nation’s rich historical tapestry. This article aims to delve deep into the castle’s past, its role in shaping British history, and its continued relevance today.

The Origins of Windsor Castle

William the Conqueror’s Vision

The story of Windsor Castle begins with William the Conqueror, the Norman duke who successfully invaded England in 1066. After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William sought to consolidate his power by building a series of fortifications across the country. Windsor Castle was part of this grand strategy, serving as a defensive stronghold that would protect the western approach to London.

Initial Construction in the 11th Century

Constructed initially as a motte-and-bailey castle, Windsor was built with wooden palisades. However, it wasn’t long before these were replaced with stone walls, making it one of the most formidable castles in England. The initial construction phase laid the foundation for what would become a sprawling complex, encompassing an impressive 13 acres.

medieval image of architects building castles

Strategic Importance of Location

depiction of medieval countryside

Nestled on a chalk hill overlooking the Thames River, Windsor Castle’s location was chosen for its strategic advantages. The river not only provided a natural barrier against attacks but also facilitated easy transportation. The castle’s proximity to London—just 21 miles away—made it an ideal location for a royal residence, allowing quick access to the capital while offering a secluded retreat.

Medieval Majesty: Windsor Castle Through the Plantagenet and Tudor Eras

The Plantagenet Era: A Castle Transformed

During the Plantagenet reign, Windsor Castle underwent significant transformations that elevated its status from a mere fortress to a royal residence. King Henry II initiated substantial renovations, replacing wooden fortifications with stone walls. This period saw the construction of the Round Tower, a feature that remains one of the castle’s most iconic elements. The Plantagenet era solidified Windsor Castle’s role as a symbol of royal power and architectural ingenuity.

Tudor Times: A Royal Court and Residence

When the Tudors ascended the throne, Windsor Castle continued to flourish as a hub of royal activity. It was during this period that the castle became a true royal court, hosting lavish feasts, ceremonies, and even Parliament sessions.

Windsor Castle

Henry VIII, one of the most famous Tudor monarchs, was particularly fond of Windsor Castle and is buried in St. George’s Chapel within the castle grounds. The Tudor era imbued the castle with a sense of grandeur and majesty that has endured to this day.

Historical Figures of Note

Windsor Castle has been graced by the presence of several historical figures during the medieval period. Notable guests included Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Consort to Henry II. Their visits added a layer of historical significance to the castle, making it not just a royal residence but also a focal point for political and religious discussions.

For more on the lives and legacies of medieval English monarchs, you might enjoy our article on Historic Figures: Medieval English Monarchy.

Windsor Castle in the Crucible: The English Civil War and Restoration

The Siege of Windsor Castle

As the English Civil War erupted between Royalists and Parliamentarians, Windsor Castle found itself at the centre of conflict. The castle served as a Parliamentary stronghold, thanks in part to its robust fortifications and strategic location. The Siege of Windsor Castle in 1642 was a pivotal moment, demonstrating the castle’s resilience and military importance. Despite Royalist efforts to reclaim it, the castle remained in Parliamentary hands, playing a crucial role in shaping the war’s outcome.

Restoration and the Reign of Charles II

Windsor Castle

Following the execution of Charles I and the eventual restoration of the monarchy, Charles II undertook extensive renovations to Windsor Castle. The king aimed to erase the scars of the Civil War and restore the castle’s former glory. Charles II introduced Baroque elements, transforming the castle into a luxurious royal residence. The restoration work during this period was so extensive that it almost entirely eclipsed the castle’s medieval origins.

Architectural Revival: The Introduction of Baroque Style

The Baroque style introduced by Charles II added a layer of opulence to Windsor Castle. Intricate carvings, grand staircases, and lavish chambers became the new norm. The King’s Apartments and the Queen’s Drawing Room are prime examples of the Baroque influence, showcasing the artistic and architectural trends of the period.

The Dawn of Modernity: Windsor Castle in the Georgian and Victorian Eras

Georgian Elegance: Architectural Updates and Aesthetic Changes

The Georgian era ushered in a new chapter for Windsor Castle, marked by a series of architectural updates that aligned with the period’s aesthetic sensibilities. King George III and George IV were particularly instrumental in these changes. Renowned architect Sir Jeffry Wyatville was commissioned to redesign parts of the castle, adding elements like the Waterloo Chamber, a grand room dedicated to the victory over Napoleon.

The Victorian Influence: Queen Victoria’s Long Stays

Queen Victoria’s reign had a profound impact on Windsor Castle. She spent considerable time at the castle, making it her preferred royal residence. Her long stays led to further modernisations, including the installation of new amenities like gas lighting and flushing toilets. The castle became a symbol of the Victorian era’s blend of tradition and innovation.

Expanding the Castle: New Wings and Refurbishments

The Victorian era also saw the addition of new wings and extensive refurbishments. The castle expanded to include more living spaces, offices, and even a chapel. These additions made Windsor Castle not just a royal residence but a fully functional administrative hub.

Windsor Castle at War: The 20th Century and World Conflicts

A Symbolic Stronghold: Windsor Castle During WWI

As the world plunged into the chaos of the First World War, Windsor Castle assumed a symbolic role. It served as a beacon of national resilience and royal continuity. King George V used the castle for diplomatic meetings and military planning, reinforcing its importance as a political and strategic centre. The castle’s robust structure also made it a safe storage location for national treasures and artworks during the war.

The Royal Retreat: Windsor Castle During WWII

The Second World War saw Windsor Castle transform into a sanctuary for the Royal Family. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, along with their daughters Elizabeth and Margaret, retreated to the castle during the Blitz. The castle’s walls provided a sense of security, and its vast grounds offered a semblance of normality amid the turmoil. Windsor Castle became a symbol of British endurance, its steadfast presence serving as a morale booster for a nation at war.

Contributions to Wartime Efforts

Beyond serving as a royal residence, the castle contributed to wartime efforts in various ways. Parts of the castle were converted into makeshift offices for military planning. Additionally, the castle grounds were used for agricultural purposes to support the war effort, including growing vegetables and housing livestock.

Windsor Castle in the 21st Century: Tradition Meets Modernity

Current Uses: A Multifaceted Royal Hub

Windsor Castle has seamlessly transitioned into the 21st century, maintaining its status as a multifaceted royal hub. Today, the castle serves a variety of functions, from hosting state visits and official ceremonies to being a venue for royal weddings. The castle’s State Apartments are often the backdrop for diplomatic receptions, while St. George’s Chapel has witnessed several royal weddings, including that of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.

The 1992 Fire and Restoration Efforts

One of the most significant events in Windsor Castle’s recent history was the devastating fire of 1992. The blaze caused extensive damage, particularly to the castle’s private and state apartments. However, the tragedy also sparked one of the most comprehensive restoration efforts ever undertaken. Over five years, craftsmen and conservationists worked tirelessly to restore the castle to its former glory, incorporating modern safety features without compromising its historical integrity.

Windsor Castle as an Enduring Symbol of British Heritage

A Multi-Faceted Role in British History

As we’ve journeyed through the annals of Windsor Castle’s history, it’s evident that this iconic structure serves multiple roles. From its initial construction as a defensive stronghold to its transformation into a royal residence, and from its wartime significance to its modern-day functionalities, Windsor Castle is a microcosm of British history.

The Castle’s Ever-Changing Landscape

The castle’s architectural evolution mirrors the changing tides of British history. Each era has left its imprint, from the medieval fortifications of the Plantagenets to the Baroque opulence introduced by Charles II, and the modern amenities that make it a 21st-century marvel. Windsor Castle stands as a testament to both historical preservation and modern innovation.

An Enduring Legacy

Windsor Castle’s enduring legacy is not just in its stone and mortar but in its ability to adapt and remain relevant. Whether serving as a royal residence, a military stronghold, or a cultural icon, the castle has stood the test of time. Its walls tell stories that span centuries, and its rooms have witnessed events that have shaped the course of British history.

Where is Windsor Castle?

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Lincoln Castle

Lincoln Castle is a major Norman castle in Lincolnshire, England with a history dating back to 1068.

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Lincoln Castle

Lincoln Castle in England
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Lincoln Castle has served many important roles over the centuries and been associated with several key historical events and people.

The imposing castle, built on a hilltop site overlooking Lincoln, has been a stronghold in times of war, a center of justice and imprisonment, and a meeting place for medieval rulers and lawmakers. Today, Lincoln Castle draws visitors from around the world as a highlight of Norman architecture and medieval history in England.

Lincoln Castle prison with Magna Carta Crypt
By Lincoln Castle prison with Magna Carta Crypt by David Hawgood, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=129253282

William the Conqueror ordered the construction of Lincoln Castle in 1068, just two years after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. It was part of William’s strategy to consolidate his power after the Norman Conquest by building castles across England. Lincoln was a key location due to its position on a hill and its status as an important town. The castle asserted Norman authority and enabled William to subdue any remaining Saxon resistance in the area. It featured hallmarks of Norman design, including a motte (an artificial hill or mound) and bailey (enclosed courtyard) protected by a wooden palisade and stone gatehouses. Lincoln Castle was a powerful symbol of the shift in control of England after 1066.

Medieval Prison and Courts

During the medieval period, Lincoln Castle served the important functions of a prison and the county court. Its prison held various notable and infamous inmates over the centuries. In the 12th century, the Earl of Warwick was briefly imprisoned at Lincoln for rebelling against King Henry II. In 1301, Lincoln’s prison held the first woman sentenced to death by burning, Margery de la Beche, for the murder of her husband. Many common thieves, robbers, and murderers were also incarcerated at Lincoln Castle over the years.

The prison was expanded in the 13th century under the orders of King John. At times it held French prisoners of war during England’s conflicts with France during the Hundred Years War in the 14th and 15th centuries. The castle dungeons were dank, cold, filthy and rife with disease, making them feared by prisoners. Public executions were carried out at the castle, often by hanging or beheading.

In its role as the county court, Lincoln Castle saw several significant medieval trials. In 1202, the court convicted William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln, of treason against King John, stripping him of his earldom. When England’s peasant’s revolted in 1536, one of the leaders, Thomas Moigne, was tried and executed at Lincoln Castle under Henry VIII’s orders. For centuries, it was the epicenter of justice and incarceration for the region.

The First Parliament

Lincoln Castle gained another place in history when it hosted England’s First Parliament in 1301 under King Edward I. This was one of the first discernible steps towards modern parliamentary democracy in the kingdom. Nobles and bishops gathered at the castle to discuss raising taxes for Edward’s wars against Scotland. Although short-lived, this early Parliament established a precedent of the king seeking consent from nobles before raising new taxes that would be built upon later.

The Civil War

During the upheaval of the English Civil War in the 1640s, Lincoln Castle was a Royalist stronghold held for King Charles I against the Parliamentarian forces. Due to its strategic location, the castle was besieged three times but never surrendered to Cromwell’s Parliamentary troops. It came under cannon fire and some damage but survived relatively intact. The castle continued to hold Royalist prisoners after the war during the brief Commonwealth period before the Restoration. Lincoln Castle had proven its defensive fortifications were still formidable from the medieval period, protecting Royalists throughout the war.

Prison Reform

By the 18th century, the conditions at Lincoln Castle’s prison had deteriorated and become inhumane. When the reformer John Howard inspected Lincoln prison in 1779, he was appalled by the overcrowded, unsanitary conditions and the neglect and abuse of prisoners. Howard’s scathing criticisms of Lincoln and other prisons led to nationwide prison reforms. As a result of his work, sanitation, healthcare and food for prisoners were improved at Lincoln and jails across England.

Victorian Prison

In 1787, Lincoln’s prison operations were taken over by the county of Lincolnshire. The prison underwent major redevelopment and expansion in the Victorian era. Under the Prisons Act of 1835, Lincoln became the County Gaol, holding debtor’s, criminal and civil prisoners. The renowned Victorian prison reformer, Edmund Du Cane, instituted reforms at Lincoln such as separate confinement for prisoners at night and the division of prisoners by degrees of criminality.

By the mid-19th century, Lincoln Castle prison housed over 300 inmates. Famous prisoners included the notorious poacher Charles Tennyson and many perpetrators of violent crimes in Lincolnshire. While conditions had improved from medieval times, Victorian prisons were still harsh places for discipline and punishment. Lincoln Castle prison remained in use until 1878 when it was closed and prisoners transferred to other jails.

Modern Day

After closing as a prison, Lincoln Castle fell into disuse and disrepair by the early 20th century. However, appreciation for its history and architecture grew. The castle underwent major renovations and restoration to turn it into a tourist attraction, reopening fully to the public in 2015. Its walls, prison buildings, law courts, and preserved Victorian prison chapel can all be visited today.

One of Lincoln Castle’s most prized possessions is one of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta, issued by King John in 1215. Lincoln’s copy is on display in the castle’s purpose-built Magna Carta vault. Thousands of people come every year to see this iconic document, which established the principle that the monarch is subject to the law.

While once a feared Norman stronghold and prison, Lincoln Castle is now a protected heritage site drawing tourists fascinated by its centuries of history. The castle continues to be a symbol of Lincoln’s historic importance since medieval times. As an exceptionally well-preserved Norman fortification, Lincoln Castle provides insight into England’s early medieval history and its evolution through the ages.

How to find Lincoln Castle

Lincoln Castle, Castle Square, New Boultham, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, LN1 3AA, United Kingdom

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Nottingham Castle

Nottingham Castle gatehouse
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The first Nottingham Castle was built in 1068 by William the Conqueror as a wooden fortification to survey the strategically important River Trent. This was later replaced by an imposing stone castle in the medieval period which served as a royal palace and fortress.

As a site of military might and governance, Nottingham Castle bore witness to many significant historical events, including royal visits, sieges, and rebellions. It also became immersed in legend as the setting for tales of Robin Hood.

Robin Hood statue at Nottingham Castle UK

Nottingham Castle’s fortunes declined after the English Civil War when its military importance faded. But the castle remained a potent symbol of the city’s identity. Its fortunes turned in 1831 when protest riots led to the castle being ransacked and largely ruined by fire.

After decades of neglect, efforts to restore and redevelop Nottingham Castle began in the late 19th century. Its remarkable transformation culminated in 2021 with the completed multimillion-pound project to convert it into a cultural hub and tourist attraction.

The Burning of Nottingham Castle

In 1831, Nottingham Castle suffered a devastating fire that destroyed much of the medieval structure. This occurred during a period of intense political turmoil in Britain. Earlier that year, the House of Lords had rejected the Reform Bill, which sought to extend voting rights to more people. This sparked outrage and riots broke out across the country, including in Nottingham. On 10th October 1831, protesters gathered outside Nottingham Castle and a violent mob soon formed.

Nottingham Castle Gate
By Cosmicutencil – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nottingham_Castle_Gate_2009.jpg, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12244343

The rioters were intent on destruction and gaining access to the castle armoury. Though warning shots were fired, the crowd could not be dispersed. Protesters breached the castle gates and began setting fire to the buildings within the grounds. The flames rapidly spread and most of Nottingham Castle was burnt to ruins. Only the external walls survived. In the aftermath, the damaged castle was left abandoned and derelict for decades. The dramatic burning of Nottingham Castle was a symbol of the deep divides within Britain at the time. It also marked the end of the castle’s use as an active royal fortress.

Nottingham Castle Today

With its recent redevelopment now complete, Nottingham Castle serves as a vibrant cultural hub and popular tourist attraction. The castle houses multiple galleries and public exhibition spaces, showcasing art, history and archaeology. The castle caves have also been restored, offering an insight into the medieval tunnels beneath the grounds. New spaces provide opportunities for educational and community events throughout the year. Refreshments are available in the modern cafe and gift shop. Striking architectural features like the imposing gatehouse and the stately Lodge have been revitalised.

Surrounding the buildings are beautifully landscaped gardens that can be explored. Panoramic views across the city of Nottingham can be enjoyed from the castle’s vantage point on the hilltop site. The castle is now once again a source of pride, identity and enjoyment for the people of Nottingham and a highlight for visitors to the city. More than just a preserved relic, it has been reborn as a dynamic cultural venue for the 21st century.

How to find Nottingham Castle

Nottingham Castle Museum and Art Gallery, Castle Road, Lace Market, The Meadows, Nottingham, England, NG1 6EL, United Kingdom

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Hurst Castle

Hurst Castle, near Milford on Sea, Hampshire, England
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With its distinctive angular bastions and imposing walls, Hurst Castle has safeguarded the approaches to the Isle of Wight and the English Channel for over 450 years. Built by command of Henry VIII in the 1540s to defend against possible French invasion, Hurst Castle formed part of an ambitious chain of Device Forts equipped with the latest artillery technology.

Hurst Castle, England

Since then, it has played notable roles in the English Civil War, both World Wars, and has seen many extensions and upgrades throughout its long history. Today, English Heritage carefully preserves Hurst Castle and operates it as a museum where visitors can step back in time to explore its winding passages, imposing ramparts, and extensive displays of artefacts. With sweeping views across the Solent, immersive exhibits and a calendar of special events, Hurst Castle offers a unique window into the coastal defence heritage of England.

Hurst Castle Histories and Castles
By Hurst Castle by Oast House Archive, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114159675

History of Hurst Castle

The origins of Hurst Castle date to the 1540s, when Henry VIII directed his Lord High Admiral to oversee the construction of a small artillery fort on the Hurst spit. Designed by Italian military engineer Stefan von Haschenperg, the fort formed part of Henry’s ambitious chain of Device Forts built to defend the realm using the latest continental innovations in artillery fortifications.

Over the next century, Hurst Castle saw additions including the prominent flanking bastions still visible today. During the English Civil War, the castle was held for Parliament and shelled extensively by Royalist forces. It continued to play an important defensive role guarding the Solent through the 18th century.

Hurst Castle, near Milford on Sea, Hampshire, England
By Hurst Castle by Oast House Archive, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114137961

In the 19th century, Hurst became a political prison, most notably incarcerating King Charles I before his execution in 1649. Extensive Victorian upgrades in the 1860s gave the castle much of its current appearance. During World War I and II, Hurst returned to service as a critical part of British coastal defences.

After World War II, sections of the castle were decommissioned by the military. In the 1950s, the site opened to visitors under the management of the Ministry of Works. Further restorations were completed in the 1990s to secure and preserve the remains of this Scheduled Ancient Monument for future generations.

Site Layout and Architecture

Approaching from the landward side, visitors first encounter the imposing Tudor walls of the Lower Ward. This outer section of the castle is characterised by angular protruding bastions designed for heavy artillery batteries with overlapping fields of fire. The walls form an irregular pentagon shape, allowing enfilading fire along the base of the ramparts.

Originally, Hurst Castle was centred around an inner keep, demolished in the 1700s. The remains include a central parade ground, gunpowder store and the foundations of the former keep. Sturdy brick-arched passageways connect the seaward firing platforms known as the Shooting Rooms.

Spanning the moat is a stone bridge leading to the Upper Ward, which houses the main living quarters. The Tudor-era lodgings have intricate brickwork façades in the fashionable style of the period. The Victorian barracks and officers’ mess reflect later expansions. Throughout the castle, informative displays of artefacts, uniforms, arms and period furnishings bring the history alive.

With striking views over the Solent, Hurst Castle evokes the changing architecture and innovations of English coastal fortifications through the centuries, from Tudor bulwarks to Victorian gun batteries. The distinctive silhouettes of the bastions and imposing ramparts transport visitors back through time.

Cannon at Hurst Castle, England
By Cannon at Hurst Castle by Oast House Archive, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114159632

Present Day Hurst Castle

Today, English Heritage cares for Hurst Castle as an iconic monument and popular heritage attraction. Open seasonally from March to October, the site offers immersive exhibits detailing the castle’s long operational history and changing role over the centuries.

Costumed interpreters bring the past to life and show visitors the workings of period artillery. The castle rooms house displays of uniforms, weapons, photographs and models illustrating Hurst’s military heritage. The substantial collections provide insight into Britain’s coastal defences as well as the lives of those who served at Hurst.

In addition to self-guided exploration, families can take part in hands-on activities and school programmes. Special events like re-enactments, concerts and holiday festivals make full use of the atmospheric setting. The castle’s West Wing tearooms provide light refreshments with scenic outdoor seating.

A highlight for many are the panoramic views from the ramparts taking in the Isle of Wight, the Needles rocks and miles of coastline. With an easily accessible location and modern facilities, Hurst Castle remains one of the south coast’s premier historic attractions.

How to find Hurst Castle

Hurst Castle, Cliff End, Norton, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England, PO40 9TB, United Kingdom

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Raglan Castle

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles
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Though now just a skeleton of its former self, Raglan Castle was once a formidable stronghold and luxurious home that played a pivotal role in the regional struggles between English and Welsh factions. Its story is one of ambition, power, war, and ultimately ruin.

Construction on Raglan Castle began in the 1430s under Sir William ap Thomas, a Welsh nobleman who was appointed the first Earl of Pembroke in 1452. He selected a strategic hilltop site in Monmouthshire to build a statement home and fortress. After his death, building works continued under the Herbert family, who added lavish Tudor styling. Defensive features like moats and arrow slits ensured Raglan could withstand any siege as tensions boiled between the English and Welsh in the 15th century.

A Mix of Medieval Magic

Raglan Castle Histories and Castles

Raglan Castle incorporates a mix of late medieval architecture, making it one of the last great medieval castles built in Wales. The earliest structures, including the brooding Great Tower, hark back to Norman castles with imposing fortified walls. Later expansions added lighter Tudor features like grand windows and ornate fireplaces. This blend of styles over centuries of development make wandering the ruins fascinating today.

Construction of the Castle

Building a Welsh Bastion

The construction of Raglan Castle was an ambitious undertaking that spanned over a century. It began in the 1430s under the vision of Sir William ap Thomas, who set out to build a formidable stronghold and luxurious home all in one.

Laying the Foundations

William selected a prime hilltop location overlooking the Welsh countryside for maximum strategic advantage. The very first phase focused on the imposing Great Tower, known as the keep, which has 5 tall stories and intricate medieval windows. The South Gatehouse was also an early priority to control access.

Expanding for Luxury and Defence

Raglan Castle gate

After William Herbert became the first Earl of Pembroke in 1452, building works gathered pace. The Great Hall was added for feasting and entertainment, along with a spacious kitchen and Buttery Tower. Maintenance and further expansion continued well into the 16th century. Elaborate lodgings were built in the Upper Ward.

Battlements and Moats

While many focus on Raglan’s grandeur, its formidable defences were also pivotal. A series of moats and other water features surrounded the castle, with only a few access points by bridge. Arrow slits and murder holes allowed defenders to pick off attackers. Raglan was designed to withstand siege and serve as a regional stronghold.

The Castle as a Powerful Stronghold

A Symbol of Power

Raglan Castle Powerful Stronghold

By the 15th century, Raglan Castle had become an important symbol of the Herbert family’s prestige and power in Wales. Its formidable location and defenses made it a regional stronghold that reinforced their control over the surrounding area.

Withstanding Siege

As tensions erupted between English and Welsh factions engaged in a power struggle, Raglan was repeatedly dragged into conflict. The castle was subjected to multiple sieges during the 15th century as the Welsh sought to wrestle control from the Herberts. During one month-long siege in 1461, Raglan held firm and resisted a barrage of cannon fire. This resilience in the face of siege cemented its status as an imposing and nearly impregnable fortress.

Lavish Lifestyle

Despite its strategic role, Raglan was also renowned as a luxurious family home. When the Somerset family took over in 1513, they became known for their lavish hospitality and patronage of music and poetry at Raglan Castle. Extravagant entertainments and ceremonies were held in the Great Hall. Raglan balanced military might with cultured pursuits.

Raglan During the English Civil War

A Royalist Stronghold

By the 17th century, Raglan Castle was held by Henry Somerset, the fiercely Royalist Marquis of Worcester. When civil war broke out between King Charles I and Parliament in 1642, Raglan became a key Royalist stronghold once again.

The First Siege

In 1646, Parliamentary forces arrived intent on wresting control of Raglan away from the Marquis. What followed was over a month of intense bombardment as Parliamentary cannon fire pounded the castle walls. The defenders resisted with remarkable fortitude, but were eventually forced to surrender in June.

The Final Siege

However, Parliament had not seen the last of Raglan Castle. In 1649, as the King was executed, they returned to lay siege to Raglan once more. For 10 long weeks the barrage continued, this time inflicting grave damage. By August, the castle walls had been breached and Henry Somerset finally surrendered.

The Price of War

After two gruelling sieges, the once magnificent Raglan Castle was left in ruins. Somerset negotiated to keep some lodgings intact, but Parliament ordered the destruction of most fortifications to prevent further use. Raglan had survived over a century of conflict, but the English Civil War ultimately led to its downfall.

After the Civil War

From Ruin to Romance

The surrender of Raglan Castle in 1646 marked a turning point in its history. No longer a formidable stronghold, Parliament ordered it to be partially demolished, or slighted, after the war so it could not be reused for military purposes. Much of the castle structure lay in ruins.

Decline into Picturesque Ruin

Without its defensive capabilities, Raglan Castle became obsolete. Some of the Somersets were permitted to stay in the lodgings that remained habitable, but lack of maintenance saw the castle fall into disrepair. By the 18th century, it was a shadow of its former self.

Romantic Ruins

But the castle’s decay proved captivating to some. As interests in medieval ruins grew in the Romantic era, artists and poets were drawn to the dramatic ruins of Raglan. The crumbling remains were depicted in numerous paintings and engravings during the 18th and 19th centuries, cementing its status as a picturesque Romantic ruin.

Preserved Relic

Efforts were eventually made to protect Raglan’s heritage. Today the castle is maintained by heritage body Cadw and remains a popular tourist attraction. The ruins may just be a skeleton of the formidable fortress that once stood, but they continue to conjure images of Raglan’s medieval heyday.

The Story in Stone

As we walk amongst the ruined walls and towers of Raglan Castle today, it is hard not to feel transported back through time. Though now just empty shells and crumbling masonry, they still tell the castle’s dramatic story spanning centuries.

Architectural Grandeur

From the towering Great Tower to the elegant Tudor features added later, Raglan exemplified both medieval fortitude and Renaissance beauty. As one of the last great medieval castles built in Wales, it represents the pinnacle of this complex architectural legacy. Raglan’s built heritage alone gives it immense historical value.

Pivotal Role

Beyond its awe-inspiring architecture, Raglan Castle played an integral role in regional power struggles. It withstood sieges, reinforced family prestige, and featured heavily in the English Civil War, shaping the outcome of pivotal events. Raglan’s strategic influence cements its status as a site of profound national importance.

Enduring Symbol

Now maintained by Cadw, the ruins of Raglan Castle will be preserved for posterity. Crumbling and broken they may be, but they are no less a powerful reminder of Wales’ heritage and the towering castles that once dominated its landscape. That enduring symbolic value ensures Raglan’s story will continue to be told for generations to come.

How to find Raglan Castle

Map to Raglan Castle

Raglan Castle, Castle Road, Raglan, Monmouthshire, Wales, NP15 2BT, United Kingdom

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Dover Castle

Dover Castle Histories and Castles
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While the first stone castle here was built in the 1160s, the history of fortification on this site goes back much earlier. There is evidence of Iron Age hill forts established on the cliffs over 2000 years ago. Centuries later, the Romans built a lighthouse here in the 2nd century AD to guide ships entering the busy port below. This ancient beacon was the first formal fortification atop this strategic location.

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It was Henry II who established the first stone castle at Dover in the 12th century, replacing earlier earthwork and timber fortifications. Seeking to control traffic across the Channel, he spent lavishly to turn Dover into a major royal castle and maritime base. The Great Tower later built by Henry stands to this day as the largest surviving medieval stone tower in England.

Dover Castle
By Webzooloo from France – Dover Castle, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8994108

Successive Expansions

Over the next centuries, the castle was expanded by Henry’s successors as kings and queens sought to reinforce this vital stronghold. Battlements, dungeons, and secret tunnels were added for defense and control. By the Tudor period, it was one of the most heavily fortified castles in the realm, primed to withstand attack from France and Spain.

Dover Castle – A Royal Stronghold

Dover Castle has served as an important royal residence and stronghold throughout its history, housing kings and queens across medieval and early modern Britain. Its proximity to the continent and formidable defenses made it a prized possession of the monarchy.

Dover Castle
By Dover Castle by Helmut Zozmann, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=113276072

A Castle Fit for Kings

Records show that by the early 13th century the castle was used as an official royal residence, with King John spending lavishly to enhance its accommodations. Later monarchs like Edward I, Edward III, and Henry VIII all held court at Dover, receiving distinguished guests within its mighty walls. Even Elizabeth I was known to stay when the threat of invasion loomed.

Luxurious Living Quarters

Despite its military function, Dover Castle was no drab barracks. It contained luxurious living quarters furnished with rich tapestries, silver plate, and furnishings to make monarchs feel at home. The surrounding orchards and gardens provided produce and game for royal feasts. From banquets in the Great Hall to relaxing in the castle grounds, Dover offered royalty comfort as well as protection.

Ready for War

Yet for all its refinements, Dover remained an active stronghold prepared for war. When conflict brewed across the Channel, monarchs would summon troops and ships muster at Dover, ready to defend against invading forces. During peacetime, a small standing garrison remained. With its sheer cliffs and concentric rings of defenses, Dover Castle stood ready to withstand attack and siege if need be.

Dover Castle

Dover Castle in Wartime

From medieval conflicts to the World Wars of the 20th century, Dover Castle has played a crucial defensive role in times of war due to its strategic location. Generations of soldiers manned its walls, ready to lay down their lives for king and country.

Napoleonic Threat

During the upheaval of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, fears of a French invasion ran high. Dover Castle grew into a barracks town, with soldiers drilling daily to counter the threat of Napoleon. New gun batteries were placed along the cliffs, while the labyrinth of medieval tunnels beneath the castle were expanded as secure military storage.

World War II Command

However, it was World War II that saw Dover Castle become truly critical to British defense. As Nazi Germany occupied France, Dover was at the frontline of Anglo-German hostilities. The castle housed the Dover Command, organizing coastal defenses along the Channel. Its guns dueled with German batteries across the water.

Secret Wartime Tunnels

Extensive underground tunnels were built beneath the castle to house operations, hospitals, and barracks safe from Luftwaffe bombs. Thousands of soldiers worked and slept in their dimly-lit tunnels, maintaining a constant vigil. The tunnels remain today as a poignant memorial to their service and sacrifice keeping Britain free.

How to find Dover Castle

Map to Dover Castle

Dover Castle, Queen Elizabeth Road, Dover, Kent, England, CT16 1LS, United Kingdom

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Bodiam Castle

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Bodiam Castle has been capturing people’s imaginations for over 600 years, with its grand turrets peeking above the trees and its waterside reflections shimmering in the moat,.

The Mighty Bodiam: A Look at This Iconic English Castle

The Origins of Bodiam Castle

While we may see Bodiam as a beautiful ruin today, in its heyday it was a formidable fortress built for defense. It was constructed in the late 14th century by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a former knight who fought in the prolonged Hundred Years’ War between England and France. After returning home, Edward decided to build a castle in a strategic location to defend the area around Bodiam, East Sussex.

Why Bodiam Was Built

Bodiam Castle went up quickly – about seven years – and replaced an older manor home on the site. But why did Edward Dalyngrigge feel compelled to build such an imposing castle? Bodiam was intended to be part fortress and part stately home. The castle guarded an important route on the River Rother, allowing Edward to control river traffic. The four corner towers provided lookout points should any threats arise. Beyond defense, Bodiam Castle was also a luxurious home reflecting Edward’s wealth and status.

Bodiam Castle
By allen watkin from London, UK – Bodiam Castle and moat, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32041226

Building a Mighty Medieval Fortress

Bodiam Castle was built to be an imposing medieval fortress, meant to both defend and impress. Its remarkable design and construction gave Bodiam the majestic appearance it still retains today.

Choosing the Location

The site Edward Dalyngrigge chose for the castle was no accident. He selected a strategic bend in the River Rother that allowed him to control traffic on the river. The river also acted as a natural defense on one side, meaning walls only had to be built on three sides. The marshy, low-lying land around the castle made it difficult to attack.

Constructing Sturdy Walls

Bodiam’s mighty walls were made to withstand enemy sieges. Sandstone from nearby quarries was used to build the outer walls up to 9 feet thick in places. The walls form an imposing rectangular shape with circular towers rising at each of the four corners. These towers provided lookout points and places for archers to defend the castle.

Bodiam's mighty walls
By Bodiam Castle, Interior by Len Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=126942010

Fortifying the Castle

In addition to its sheer imposing walls and elevated corner towers, other fortifying features were included in Bodiam’s design. The castle had a deep moat surrounding it that acted as an obstacle to invaders. Arrow slits and holes in the walls allowed defenders to shoot arrows and pour boiling oil or water. A barbican, or fortified gateway, controlled access to the castle.

Magnificent Ruins

While the castle is an impressive sight today, what visitors see are the ruins of what was once a mighty medieval fortress. Over the centuries, time and neglect left only the exterior walls standing. Yet these remnants have their own unique magnificence and provide insight into England’s past.

The Decay of Time

After the Middle Ages, Bodiam Castle passed through different owners and slowly started to deteriorate. Sections of the towers and buildings inside the walls collapsed over time. During the English Civil War in the 1600s, some of the castle was stripped and vandalized. What remains today are mainly the imposing outer walls and corner towers.

Neglected But Not Forgotten

For centuries after its medieval heyday, Bodiam Castle sat neglected and ignored. Locals used its fallen stones for other building projects in the town. Trees and ivy crept up the walls. Yet Bodiam’s imposing presence on the landscape was never forgotten. And in the 1800s, its historical significance was recognized.

Preserving the Ruins

In the Victorian era, Bodiam Castle inspired painters who romanticized its ruined yet picturesque state. This attention helped spur preservation efforts starting in the 1800s by organizations like The National Trust. While no longer the functioning fortress it once was, the ruins of Bodiam now evoke the splendor of medieval England for visitors.

The Enduring Legacy of Bodiam

Over 600 years since it was built, the castle continues to capture people’s imaginations and stand as an icon of England’s history. Though a ruin, its imposing walls remind us of England’s tumultuous past and the castles that once dotted the landscape.

Inspiring Artists

During the Victorian era, Bodiam Castle became a popular destination for artists seeking to capture its evocative ruins. Painters like J.M.W. Turner helped share the castle’s beauty with a public increasingly interested in medieval history. Bodiam continues to inspire modern photographers as well.

Preserving History

Today, Bodiam is managed by the National Trust, who work to maintain and preserve the ruins. While no longer the functioning castle it was, what remains of Bodiam is one of the best examples of a 14th century medieval quadrangular castle. It provides insight into both castle design and everyday life in the Middle Ages.

A Link to the Past

Bodiam Castle connects us to England’s medieval history in a unique way. As visitors walk inside its ruined walls, they can envision what life was like in a mighty fortress hundreds of years ago. This ability to kindle imaginations helps explain why Bodiam has endured as an iconic castle and popular tourist attraction.

How to Find Bodiam Castle

Bodiam Castle, Peters Green Road, Bodiam, Ewhurst Green, Rother, East Sussex, England, TN32 5UG, United Kingdom

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Dolbadarn Castle: A Jewel in Snowdonia’s Crown

Dolbadarn castle Histories and Castles

In the hills of the Snowdonia National Park lies a hidden gem of Welsh history – Dolbadarn Castle. This picturesque castle may not be as grand as some of its counterparts, but its scenic location and intriguing backstory make it a must-see for any history buff touring North Wales.

Built in the 1230s by the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great, Dolbadarn Castle boasts a strategic position near the Llyn Padarn lake. Its unique circular keep stands as a lasting symbol of power from a turbulent period in Wales’ past. Today, intrepid travelers hike up to explore what remains of this small yet iconic castle with sweeping views of the Snowdonia mountains in the distance.

Despite its ruined state after centuries of wars, sieges, and neglect, the rare round tower design preserves Dolbadarn’s legacy as both an important military stronghold and enchanting local landmark. From the top of the keep, panoramas showcase the raw wilderness that first drew the Welsh princes to fortify this dramatic spot in the Middle Ages. Come discover why Dolbadarn Castle shining in the mist serves as the crown jewel of the lush Llanberis Pass area!

Table of Contents

    The Dawn of Dolbadarn

    A Prince’s Vision

    In the year 1230 AD, the great Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Great, embarked on an ambitious project. Seeking to cement his authority across North Wales, he envisioned a fortress that would not only serve as a symbol of his power but also as a strategic stronghold. And so, the foundations of Dolbadarn Castle were laid.

    Choosing the Perfect Spot

    Location is everything, and Llywelyn knew this all too well. He chose the Llanberis Pass, a vital mountain pass connecting Caernarfon and southern Snowdonia, as the site for his new castle. This strategic location allowed him to control movement and trade, ensuring his dominance over the region.

    Dolbadarn castle Histories and Castles

    From Timber to Stone

    Initially, Dolbadarn might have looked quite different from the stone behemoth we know today. It’s believed that the earliest fortifications were simple timber structures, swiftly erected to serve immediate defensive needs. However, as time passed and Llywelyn’s reign grew stronger, these wooden battlements gave way to imposing stone walls and towers. These structures, some of which still stand today, are a testament to the castle’s evolution and its significance as an administrative hub for Llywelyn’s expansive kingdom.

    A Symbol of Power

    Perched on its rocky hillside, with the serene waters of Llyn Padarn at its feet, Dolbadarn Castle soon became more than just a fortress. It emerged as a symbol of power and prestige in North Wales. For over two centuries, it remained a bulwark for successive Welsh princes, echoing with tales of bravery, ambition, and resilience.

    In this first glimpse into Dolbadarn’s storied past, we’ve journeyed from its inception under a visionary prince to its rise as a beacon of Welsh pride. As we delve deeper into its corridors and climb its ancient towers, we’ll uncover more tales that have shaped not just this castle, but the very fabric of Welsh history. So, dear reader, let’s journey together through time and discover the secrets that Dolbadarn Castle holds within its walls.

    The Architectural Marvel of Dolbadarn

    Stone Sentinels of the Past

    As we step closer to the imposing ruins of Dolbadarn Castle, we’re immediately struck by its architectural prowess. These walls and towers, though partially in ruins, whisper tales of medieval grandeur and strategic brilliance. Let’s unravel the architectural secrets that make Dolbadarn a standout gem in the annals of castle design.

    The Heart of the Castle: The Stone Keep

    A Towering Presence

    At the very core of Dolbadarn stands its tall stone keep, a structure that has withstood the test of time. Spanning three floors, this keep was the epicentre of life and activity. It housed the great hall, where feasts were held and decisions made; private chambers, offering solace to the castle’s inhabitants; and battlements, from where guards kept a vigilant eye on the surroundings.

    Round Towers: A Unique Touch

    What sets Dolbadarn apart are the unusual round towers that grace the corners of the keep. Not just architectural embellishments, these towers added an extra layer of defence, allowing guards to have a panoramic view and shoot arrows in all directions. Their circular design also meant they were harder to undermine, making them a formidable challenge for any would-be attacker.

    Beyond the Keep: The Outer Ward

    A Protective Embrace

    Encircling the keep is the outer ward, a lower area fortified with walls and ditches. This wasn’t just a protective barrier; it was a bustling hub of daily life. Service buildings, including the kitchen where tantalising aromas wafted, stables that echoed with the neighing of horses, and a chapel for spiritual solace, all found their place here.

    A Watery Gateway

    One of the most intriguing features of Dolbadarn is the small canal that connected the castle to the sea. This wasn’t just for scenic boat rides; it was a strategic move. Supplies could be ferried directly to the castle, ensuring that even during sieges, the castle’s inhabitants wouldn’t go hungry.

    Defence: A Masterclass in Design

    Dolbadarn’s design wasn’t just about grandeur; it was a masterclass in defensive architecture. The massive gatehouse stood as a sentinel, controlling who entered and exited. Slit windows in the keep provided perfect vantage points, allowing archers to take aim without exposing themselves. Every stone, every tower, every wall was meticulously planned to ensure the castle remained impregnable.

    Walking Amongst Giants

    Today, as we wander amidst these colossal stones, it’s easy to be transported back to a time of knights and archers, of strategy and power plays. The very air seems charged with history, and every nook and cranny has a story to tell. Dolbadarn’s architectural brilliance not only showcases its importance in regional power dynamics but also offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of castle design.

    Centuries of Dominance

    A Welsh Bastion

    For over two centuries, Dolbadarn Castle stood as a beacon of Welsh resilience and power. Its strategic location, overlooking the Llanberis Pass, made it a jewel in the crown of Welsh princes. From its towering walls to its deep moats, every aspect of Dolbadarn was designed to assert dominance and control over the region.

    The English Conquest

    However, as with many tales of great fortresses, Dolbadarn’s golden era was not to last forever. In 1283, a significant shift in power dynamics occurred. The mighty English forces, led by King Edward I, set their sights on North Wales. Dolbadarn, despite its formidable defences, fell into English hands, marking the end of an era of Welsh dominance.

    Under New Management

    A Strategic Asset

    Even under English rule, Dolbadarn’s strategic importance did not wane. It continued to play a pivotal role, its garrison keeping a watchful eye over Snowdonia, ready to quell any signs of rebellion. The castle’s walls, which had once echoed with Welsh songs, now resonated with the footsteps of English soldiers.

    Prison for the Rebel

    One of the most captivating tales from this period is the imprisonment of the legendary Welsh rebel, Owain Glyndŵr. In 1405, following a revolt, Glyndŵr found himself confined within Dolbadarn’s cold stone walls. Though his captivity was brief, the very thought of such a prominent figure being held in Dolbadarn adds another layer of intrigue to its storied history.

    The Inevitable Decline

    A Fortress Forgotten

    As the years rolled on and the political landscape of Britain evolved, the need for a stronghold like Dolbadarn diminished. The once-mighty fortress, which had seen battles and rebellions, began to lose its strategic significance. By the early 1400s, following the end of Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion, the castle’s importance waned. Historical records from around 1550 paint a sombre picture of Dolbadarn, suggesting it was largely abandoned and in a state of disrepair.

    A Testament to Time

    Today, the ruins of Dolbadarn stand as a poignant reminder of its glorious past. While its walls may have crumbled and its towers decayed, the spirit of Dolbadarn remains unbroken. It serves as a monument to a time when castles were more than just buildings; they were symbols of power, resistance, and identity.

    As we reflect on Dolbadarn’s journey through the ages, from its days of glory to its eventual decline, we’re reminded of the transient nature of power and the enduring legacy of history. Each stone, each ruin, tells a tale of ambition, conflict, and resilience. And as we walk through its ruins, we’re not just exploring a castle; we’re stepping back in time, immersing ourselves in the rich tapestry of Welsh history.

    How to find Dolbadarn Castle

    Map to Dolbadarn Castle Map and directions

    Dolbadarn Castle address Dolbadarn Castle, A4086, Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales, LL55 4UB, United Kingdom

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    Hotels near Dolbadarn Castle

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