The Anarchy (1135–1153) was one of the most turbulent and lawless periods in English medieval history — a bitter civil war fought between Empress Matilda and King Stephen for control of the English throne.
What began as a succession crisis after the death of King Henry I spiralled into nearly two decades of sieges, shifting loyalties, broken oaths, and widespread unrest. Castles changed hands, towns were burned, and for many, “Christ and His saints slept.”
In this section of Histories & Castles, we delve into the key figures, battles, and betrayals that defined The Anarchy. From the iron will of Matilda to the strategic blunders of Stephen, discover how this violent struggle reshaped the kingdom — and paved the way for the rise of the Plantagenets.
The claim of Empress Matilda
Major battles, sieges, and castle takeovers
The role of castles in the conflict
Political intrigue and the Treaty of Wallingford
How The Anarchy impacted ordinary people
Explore the chaos, courage, and consequence of a forgotten civil war — and meet the woman who came within a sword’s length of becoming England’s first queen regnant.
Matilda’s story is one of resilience, intelligence, and determination, which ultimately left a lasting impact on the history of England.
The Empress Matilda: A Pioneering Figure in Medieval Europe Read Post »
The article will offer a detailed exploration of the role of religion in the Anarchy, with a specific focus on the Church’s power in Medieval England’s Anarchy, enriching our understanding of this tumultuous period in history.
The Church and the Crown: The Role of Religion in the Anarchy Read Post »
Civil war placed huge pressure on existing castle defenses and fuelled intense innovation in military architecture.
Castles of Conflict: Fortresses of the Anarchy Era in England Read Post »
Empress Matilda was the daughter of King Henry I and challenger to Stephen for the throne of England in 12th century.
The turmoil of Stephen’s contested reign demonstrated the strife that battles over succession in the Middle Ages could unleash when there was no undisputed and capable heir.
The Anarchy was a destructive civil war in 12th century England sparked by a disputed royal succession that plunged the country into nearly 20 years of conflict and chaos.
The Anarchy Civil War in Medieval England Read Post »
